Journal Article

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vaccine coverage for early childhood vaccines in Alberta, Canada: a population-based retrospective cohort study

Rafferty, Ellen, Svenson, Lawrence W, Paudel, Yuba Raj, Robinson, Joan L, Kiely, Marilou, Sadarangani, Manish, MacDonald, Shannon E, Driedger, S Michelle

2022

Overview

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on early childhood vaccination coverage in Alberta, Canada.SettingAlberta, a western Canadian province, which has a population of 4.4 million and approximately 50 000 births annually.DesignIn this retrospective cohort study, population-based administrative health data were analysed to determine the vaccination coverage for measles-containing, pertussis-containing and rotavirus vaccines.Primary outcome measureWe measured monthly and cumulative vaccine coverage. We assessed the absolute difference in monthly and cumulative coverage for each vaccine dose by comparing children due for vaccination in each month of 2019 and 2020, with follow-up to determine if missed doses were caught up later.ParticipantsWe included 114 178 children in the 2019 analysis cohort and 106 530 children in the 2020 analysis cohort.ResultsMonthly vaccination coverage in 2020 was higher than 2019 until March, when coverage significantly declined. Comparing April 2020 to 2019, coverage was 9.9% (95% CI 7.9% to 12.0%) lower for measles vaccine; 4.9% (95% CI 3.3% to 6.5%), 7.1% (95% CI 5.2% to 9.1%), 5.2% (95% CI 3.1% to 7.4%) and 8.8% (95% CI 6.6% to 10.9%) lower for first, second, third and fourth doses of pertussis-containing vaccine, respectively; and 4.0% (95% CI 2.3% to 5.7%), 7.1% (95% CI 5.1% to 9.2%) and 4.6% (95% CI 2.4% to 6.7%) lower for first, second and third doses of rotavirus vaccine, respectively. Monthly coverage improved during May to July 2020; however, some doses experienced a second decline during September to October 2020. The cumulative coverage analysis showed that the measles-containing vaccine had the largest difference in coverage at the end of follow-up.ConclusionsChildren who were due for vaccination early in the pandemic and in Fall 2020, especially those due for measles vaccination, may require additional catch-up.

• Publisher: British Medical Journal Publishing Group,BMJ Publishing Group LTD,BMJ Publishing Group
• Subject: Alberta - epidemiology / Calendars / Chicken pox / Child / Child, Preschool / Childhood / Cohort analysis / Cohort Studies / Coronaviruses / COVID-19 / COVID-19 vaccines / Disease transmission / Drug dosages / Epidemiology / Humans / Immunization / Infant / Infectious Diseases / Measles / Measles Vaccine / Mumps / paediatric infectious disease & immunisation / Pandemics / Pediatrics / Population / Population-based studies / Public health / Retrospective Studies / Rotavirus / Rubella / SARS-CoV-2 / Vaccination / Viruses / Whooping cough