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Journal Article
Studying the mononuclear phagocyte system in the molecular age
2011
Overview
Key Points
The study of animals with global knockouts of genes encoding various cytokines, cytokine receptors and transcription factors has been crucial for understanding the development and homeostatic requirements of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells.
Depletion models — such as those using clodronate liposomes or animals that express the diphtheria toxin receptor under the control of a myeloid cell-specific gene promoter — have allowed for inducible and more precise elimination of various mononuclear phagocyte populations.
Crossing mice that express Cre recombinase under the control of myeloid cell-specific promoters with animals that have 'floxed' genes has been used to achieve cell-type specific deletion of a particular gene.
Identifying myeloid promoters with improved specificity for particular mononuclear phagocyte populations will be crucial in order to more precisely dissect the different functions of particular populations.
Molecular profiling of specific mononuclear phagocyte populations will help to identify more specific promoters and candidate genes to analyse functionally.
The development of new humanized mouse models holds the promise of accelerating the study of the human mononuclear phagocyte compartment.
Immunologists are making good progress in unravelling the intricacies of the mononuclear phagocyte system, and this is largely due to recent technological advances. This article describes the current tools that exist for studying the origins and functions of mononuclear phagocytes and discusses the future technologies that will enable further progress in the field.
The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) comprises monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. Tissue phagocytes share several cell surface markers, phagocytic capability and myeloid classification; however, the factors that regulate the differentiation, homeostasis and function of macrophages and dendritic cells remain largely unknown. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the tools that are currently available and those that are under development to study the origin and function of mononuclear phagocytes.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
