Journal Article

A recombinant subunit vaccine formulation protects against lethal Nipah virus challenge in cats

Middleton, Deborah, Green, Diane J., Broder, Christopher C., Bossart, Katharine N., Bingham, John, Crameri, Gary, McEachern, Jennifer A., Hancock, Tim J., Wang, Lin-Fa, Feng, Yan-Ru

2008

Overview

Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) are closely related deadly zoonotic paramyxoviruses that have emerged and re-emerged over the last 10 years. In this study, a subunit vaccine formulation containing only recombinant, soluble, attachment glycoprotein from HeV (sG HeV) and CpG adjuvant was evaluated as a potential NiV vaccine in the cat model. Different amounts of sG HeV were employed and sG-induced immunity was examined. Vaccinated animals demonstrated varying levels of NiV-specific Ig systemically and importantly, all vaccinated cats possessed antigen-specific IgA on the mucosa. Upon oronasal challenge with NiV (50,000 TCID 50), all vaccinated animals were protected from disease although virus was detected on day 21 post-challenge in one animal. The ability to elicit protective systemic and mucosal immunity in this animal model provides significant progress towards the development of a human subunit vaccine against henipaviruses.

• Publisher: Elsevier Ltd,Elsevier,Elsevier Limited,CSIRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd
• Subject: Adjuvants, Immunologic - administration & dosage / Adjuvants, Immunologic - pharmacology / Allergy and Immunology / Animal diseases / Animal models / Animals / Antibodies, Viral - analysis / Antibodies, Viral - blood / Antigens / Applied microbiology / Bats / Biological and medical sciences / Catheters / Cats / CpG / Encephalitis / Female / Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology / Hendra virus / Henipavirus / Henipavirus Infections - prevention & control / Hepatitis E virus / Immunity, Mucosal / Immunization, Secondary / Immunoglobulin A - analysis / Immunoglobulin G - blood / Immunoglobulin M - blood / Infections / Laboratories / Lung - pathology / Male / Microbiology / Mortality / Mouth - virology / Mucosal immunity / Nipah virus / Nipah Virus - immunology / Oligodeoxyribonucleotides - administration & dosage / Oligodeoxyribonucleotides - pharmacology / Protected animals / Respiratory distress syndrome / Studies / Subunit vaccine / Urine - virology / Vaccines / Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies (general aspects) / Vaccines, Subunit - immunology / Vaccines, Synthetic - immunology / Viral Envelope Proteins - genetics / Viral Envelope Proteins - immunology / Viruses