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Exploring the long-term retention of badminton skills: a comparison between command and reciprocal teaching styles
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Exploring the long-term retention of badminton skills: a comparison between command and reciprocal teaching styles
Exploring the long-term retention of badminton skills: a comparison between command and reciprocal teaching styles
Journal Article

Exploring the long-term retention of badminton skills: a comparison between command and reciprocal teaching styles

2026
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Overview
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Command and Reciprocal teaching styles on the learning and long-term retention of low backhand serve skills in badminton among high school students. Materials and methods: Sixty 10th-grade high school students (aged 15-16) took part in an experimental study with a 2x3 factorial design. They were randomly divided into two groups: Command (n = 30) and Reciprocal (n = 30).  The learning program was implemented over 6 weeks, with three sessions per week (each lasting 60 minutes). A pre-test, post-test, and retention test were used to assess serving accuracy, technique execution, and student perception (following the Results: Significant differences were found in accuracy on the post-test (29.47 vs. 34.80 points) and retention test (25.27 vs. 32.13 points) between the Command and Reciprocal groups.  The Reciprocal group had considerably higher skill retention than the Command group (92.33% vs. 85.75%, p<0.001), with a large effect size (d=1.38).  A strong correlation was found between technique execution and serve accuracy in both groups (r=0.75-0.80).  Students in the Reciprocal group reported higher levels of satisfaction (4.37 vs. 3.72), self-confidence (4.09 vs. 3.24), and learning motivation (4.19 vs. 3.48), compared to the Command group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the Reciprocal teaching style, which involves social interaction and feedback between students, is more effective than the Command style in improving learning and long-term retention of the low backhand serve skill in badminton, with important implications for the development of teaching strategies in physical education. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue comparar la efectividad de los estilos de enseñanza de Comando y Recíproco en el aprendizaje y la retención a largo plazo de las habilidades de saque de revés bajo en bádminton entre estudiantes de secundaria. Materiales y métodos: Sesenta estudiantes de bachillerato (de 15 a 16 años) participaron en un estudio experimental con un diseño factorial 2x3. Se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos grupos: Comando (n = 30) y Recíproco (n = 30). El programa de aprendizaje se implementó durante seis semanas, con tres sesiones semanales (cada una de 60 minutos de duración). Se utilizaron pruebas previas, posteriores y de retención para evaluar la precisión del saque, la ejecución técnica y la percepción del estudiante (siguiendo los resultados). Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la precisión en las pruebas posteriores (29,47 vs. 34,80 puntos) y en la prueba de retención (25,27 vs. 32,13 puntos) entre los grupos de Comando y Recíproco. El grupo Recíproco tuvo una retención de habilidades considerablemente mayor que el grupo de Comando (92,33% vs. 85,75%, p<0,001), con un tamaño del efecto grande (d=1,38). Se encontró una fuerte correlación entre la ejecución técnica y la precisión del saque en ambos grupos (r=0,75-0,80). Los estudiantes del grupo Recíproco reportaron mayores niveles de satisfacción (4,37 vs. 3,72), autoconfianza (4,09 vs. 3,24) y motivación para el aprendizaje (4,19 vs. 3,48), en comparación con el grupo de Comando. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos indican que el estilo de enseñanza recíproco, que implica interacción social y retroalimentación entre estudiantes, es más eficaz que el estilo de mando para mejorar el aprendizaje y la retención a largo plazo de la habilidad de saque de revés bajo en bádminton, con importantes implicaciones para el desarrollo de estrategias de enseñanza en educación física. Objectivo: O propósito deste estúdio foi comparar a eficácia dos estilos de ensino de Comando e Recíproco na aprendizagem e a retenção a longo prazo das competências de baixo revés no badminton entre estudantes do ensino secundário. Materiais e métodos: Sessenta estudantes de bachillerato (dos 15 aos 16 anos) participaram num estudo experimental com um desenho fatorial 2x3. Foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Comando (n = 30) e Recíproco (n = 30). O programa de aprendizagem foi implementado durante seis semanas, com três sessões semanais (cada uma com a duração de 60 minutos). Pode utilizar testes anteriores, posteriores e de retenção para avaliar a precisão do serviço, a técnica de execução e a perceção do aluno (seguindo os resultados). Resultados: Encontre diferenças significativas na precisão nos testes posteriores (29,47 vs. 34,80 pontos) e no teste de retenção (25,27 vs. 32,13 pontos) entre os grupos de Comando e Recíproco. O grupo Recíproco apresentou uma retenção de competências consideravelmente superior ao grupo Comando (92,33% vs. 85,75%, p<0,001), com um tamanho de efeito grande (d=1,38). Foi encontrada uma forte correlação entre a técnica de execução e a precisão do serviço em ambos os grupos (r=0,75-0,80). Os estudantes do grupo Recíproco reportaram níveis mais elevados de satisfação (4,37 vs. 3,72), autoconfianza (4,09 vs. 3,24) e motivação para a aprendizagem (4,19 vs. 3,48), comparativamente com o grupo de Comando. Conclusão: Estes hallazgos indicam que o estilo de ensino recíproco, que implica interação social e retroalimentação entre estudantes, é mais eficaz que o estilo de comando para melhorar o aprendizado e a retenção de um longo caminho para a habilidade de saque de revés baixo no badminton, com implicações importantes para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de ensino no educação física.