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Analysis of Damage and Losses to Education and Health Facilities Caused by Tsunamis in Coastal Areas of North Sulawesi
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Analysis of Damage and Losses to Education and Health Facilities Caused by Tsunamis in Coastal Areas of North Sulawesi
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Journal Article
Analysis of Damage and Losses to Education and Health Facilities Caused by Tsunamis in Coastal Areas of North Sulawesi
2025
Overview
Indonesia has experienced 246 tsunami events from 416 to 2018, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The Central Sulawesi region has been notably impacted by natural disasters, including a magnitude 7.4 earthquake in Palu and Donggala, which triggered tsunamis and liquefaction, severely damaging 2,758 buildings, including schools and healthcare facilities. High tsunami vulnerability is predicted for the Minahasa Islands, northern Mongondow, and Gorontalo regions due to their proximity to earthquake epicenters and megathrust faults. This study assesses the risk to educational and healthcare facilities from tsunami hazards, incorporating hazard mapping, exposure quantification, and vulnerability assessment. Tsunami hazard scenarios, including predictive (based on potential maximum earthquake magnitudes) and historical (based on past events), are modeled to produce inundation maps. Vulnerability is assessed based on building design specifications, site selection, and material quality, focusing on compliance with disaster-resistant standards. Using the 2006 Pangandaran tsunami vulnerability curve, the damage and economic losses are estimated. The dominant building taxonomy is one-story MCF structures, with a total of 412 educational facilities and 9 healthcare facilities impacted. Economic losses are calculated based on damage indices, replacement cost values, and building area, amounting to 732.8 billion for educational facilities and 26.25 billion for healthcare facilities. These findings underscore the need for targeted mitigation strategies and policymaker engagement to enhance resilience in tsunami-prone areas.
Publisher
IOP Publishing
Subject
