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Diet of the Sable (Martes zibellina, Carnivora, Mustelidae) in Different Seasons of the Year in Bol’shekhekhtsirskii Nature Reserve, Khabarovsk Krai
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Diet of the Sable (Martes zibellina, Carnivora, Mustelidae) in Different Seasons of the Year in Bol’shekhekhtsirskii Nature Reserve, Khabarovsk Krai
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Diet of the Sable (Martes zibellina, Carnivora, Mustelidae) in Different Seasons of the Year in Bol’shekhekhtsirskii Nature Reserve, Khabarovsk Krai
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Journal Article
Diet of the Sable (Martes zibellina, Carnivora, Mustelidae) in Different Seasons of the Year in Bol’shekhekhtsirskii Nature Reserve, Khabarovsk Krai
2023
Overview
The seasonal diet of the sable (
Martes zibellina
L. 1758) was studied based on material collected in the years 1987–1996, 1998–2002, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, and 2014, mainly in the Bolʼshekhekhtsirskii Nature Reserve. The sable population of the Khekhtsir Mountain Ridge, the western part of which is occupied by the nature reserve, was artificially restored, and it presently lives in isolation from the species’ main distribution area in the Sikhote-Alin Mountains. The main food items of the sable at any time of the year are mammals (frequency of occurrence (fo) = 94.1%, feed ratio (F) = 84.8%), voles in particular. It chases voles a little more often in winter (December to February) (fo = 84.9%, F = 80.9%) and spring (March to May) (fo = 82.0%, F = 80.0%) than in summer (June to August) (fo = 81.6%, F = 71.3%) or autumn (September to November) (fo = 90.6%, F = 74.8%). Plants are the next most important food in the diet of the sable following mammals: (fo = 26%, F = 12.4%). Sables eat seeds and fruits of ten plant species in all seasons of the year, but those of only three plants are decisive: the Korean pine (
Pinus koraiensis
), the Actinidia kolomikta (
Actinidia kolomikta
), and the Korean mistletoe (
Viscum coloratum
). At the same time, actinidia fruits are the main vegetable food for the sable in summer (fo = 18.4%, F = 12.2%); Korean pine seeds, in autumn (fo = 25.2%, F = 11.1%); and mistletoe fruits, in winter (fo = 8.5%, F = 7.5%). Birds are only minor among sable prey (fo = 1.5%, F = 0.9%). The proportion of birds in the diet of the sable is slightly increased in summer. Insects, mollusks, and honey are the only additional food items in the sable diet, all being seasonal. Only insects (ground beetles, carrion beetles) play significant roles in the diet in summer. Small shares of mollusks are recorded in the sable diet in summer, and some honey in winter.
