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The variegated role of the state in different gated neighbourhoods in China
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Journal Article
The variegated role of the state in different gated neighbourhoods in China
2020
Overview
Housing commodification has led to the development of gated neighbourhoods in China. However, the types of gated neighbourhoods are very different from each other, and include ‘commodity housing’, affordable housing and resettlement housing. They might not be the same as the commonly known ‘gated communities’, which are characterised by both gating and private governance. Using three cases in the city of Wenzhou, we analyse the motivations for development, service provision and property management, and neighbourhood control. In commodity housing, the state is still visible and self-governance is limited, while the real estate developer leads land development and property management. In affordable housing, the state regulates the standards and the prices of services, while the developer is the provider of these services. In resettlement housing, the state uses a state-owned enterprise to relocate households, while the homeowners’ association and the service charges are ineffective. All these cases demonstrate the important and variegated role of the state and provide a more nuanced understanding of these gated neighbourhoods.
住房商品化导致了中国封闭式小区的发展。然而，不同类型的门禁小区彼此非常不同， 其中包括“商品房”、经济适用房和安置房。它们可能与通常认为的“门禁小区”不同，后 者以门禁和私人治理为特征。我们基于温州市的三个案例，分析了房屋开发、服务提供 和物业管理以及邻里控制的动机。商品房：政府的影子仍然可见，自治有限，而房地产 开发商则主导土地开发和物业管理。经济适用房：国家规定服务的标准和价格，而开发 商则是这些服务的提供者。安置房：国家使用国有企业完成住户的搬迁，而业主之间的 组织和服务费收取均处于无效状态。所有这些案例都展示了政府所扮演的重要和多样化 的角色，并提供了对这些门禁小区的更细致的理解。
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