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Sectional Characteristics of Shape Errors in Free-Form Lower Silicone Molds and Panels Under Design Shape Conditions
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Sectional Characteristics of Shape Errors in Free-Form Lower Silicone Molds and Panels Under Design Shape Conditions
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Sectional Characteristics of Shape Errors in Free-Form Lower Silicone Molds and Panels Under Design Shape Conditions
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Journal Article
Sectional Characteristics of Shape Errors in Free-Form Lower Silicone Molds and Panels Under Design Shape Conditions
2026
Overview
Free-form concrete panels (FCPs) require precise lower-shape implementation because lower-shape errors directly affect thickness quality, geometric accuracy, and constructability. Although previous studies have developed several lower-mold systems, the sectional behavior of lower-shape errors and their deformation tendencies under concrete load have not been sufficiently clarified. Therefore, this study investigates the sectional shape error characteristics of the lower silicone mold (LSM) before casting and of the lower shape of the FCP after casting under combined curvature and thickness conditions. Single-curved FCPs were designed with curvatures of 20, 25, and 30 mm and thicknesses of 20, 30, and 40 mm. The lower geometry was divided into middle and edge sections, and statistical analyses were conducted to examine curvature-dependent deformation and load-induced error behavior. Before casting, the mean error of the LSM increased from 0.289 mm to 0.345 mm and 0.425 mm as curvature increased. After casting, the lower-shape error of the manufactured FCPs ranged from 0.313 mm to 0.444 mm. Under the 30 mm curvature and 20 mm thickness condition, the error decreased after casting, indicating partial load compensation, whereas manufacture was not possible under the 30 mm curvature and 40 mm thickness condition because of excessive side-mold displacement. These results provide quantitative evidence for deformation behavior under load and support the need for FCP-specific quality criteria.
