Journal Article

Results and Limits of Time-Division Multiplexing for the BICEP Array High-Frequency Receivers

Grimes, P. K., Megerian, K. G., Grayson, J. A., Karkare, K. S., Buza, V., Goeckner-Wald, N., Filippini, J. P., Singari, B., Hildebrandt, S. R., Kovac, J. M., Wiebe, D. V., Palladino, S., Tucker, C., Bischoff, C. A., Handerson, S., Amiri, M., Weber, A. C., Umiltà, C., Crumrine, M., Connors, J., Hubmayr, J., Kefeli, S., Yu, C., Beck, D., Reintsema, C. D., Wandui, A., Moncelsi, L., Yang, E., Halal, G., Sudiwala, R., Polish, A., Soliman, A., Schillaci, A., St.Germaine, T., Turner, A. D., Zhang, C., Gao, M., Thompson, K. L., Dierickx, M. I., Duband, L., Zhang, S., Prouve, T., Racine, B., Pryke, C., Steinbach, B., Fortes, A., Nakato, Y., Salatino, M., O’Brient, R., Giannakopoulos, C., Cheshire, J., Liu, T., Steiger, A., Bock, J. J., Eiben, M., Halpern, M., Ade, P. A. R., Denison, E. V., Lau, K., Lennox, A., Thakur, R. Basu, Hand, E., Willmert, J., Hilton, G. C., Wu, W. L. K., Barkats, D., Schmitt, B. L., Nguyen, H. T., Miller, O. Y., Romand, T., Vèrges, C., Young, E., Zeng, L., Fatigoni, S., Hui, H., Kang, J. H., Hall, G., Petroff, M. A., Tsai, C., Cukierman, A. J., Cornelison, J., Irwin, K. D., Goldfinger, D. C., Harrison, S. A., Ahmed, Z., Kuo, C. L., Minuto

2024

Overview

Time-division multiplexing is the readout architecture of choice for many ground and space experiments, as it is a very mature technology with proven outstanding low-frequency noise stability, which represents a central challenge in multiplexing. Once fully populated, each of the two BICEP Array high-frequency receivers, observing at 150 GHz and 220/270 GHz, will have 7776 TES detectors tiled on the focal plane. The constraints set by these two receivers required a redesign of the warm readout electronics. The new version of the standard multichannel electronics, developed and built at the University of British Columbia, is presented here for the first time. BICEP Array operates time-division multiplexing readout technology to the limits of its capabilities in terms of multiplexing rate, noise and cross talk, and applies them in rigorously demanding scientific application requiring extreme noise performance and systematic error control. Future experiments like CMB-S4 plan to use TES bolometers with time-division/SQUID-based readout for an even larger number of detectors.

• Publisher: Springer US,Springer Nature B.V,Springer Nature
• Subject: Aluminum / Arrays / B-mode polarization / BICEP Array / Cables / Characterization and Evaluation of Materials / Condensed Matter Physics / Connectors / cosmic microwave background / cosmology / Crosstalk / Detectors / Electronics / Focal plane / LF noise / Magnetic Materials / Magnetism / OTHER INSTRUMENTATION / Physics / Physics and Astronomy / readout electronics / Receivers & amplifiers / Redesign / Sensors / Systematic errors / Time division multiplexing / transition edge sensor