Journal Article

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Sensing Framework with Multimodal Sensor Importance Learning for Smart Energy Systems

Zhan, Yan, Hu, Xiaohan, Zhang, Shujin, Sun, Kai, Wang, Yueyang, Liu, Zhuochen, Zhang, Zhonghao

2026

Overview

Against the background of accelerated green energy development and the deep integration of intelligent sensing technologies, wind power forecasting is evolving toward a multimodal sensor collaborative perception paradigm within nonlinear multi-source integrated energy systems. To address the limitations of conventional methods, including the lack of dynamic importance modeling and constrained stability under complex wind conditions, a forecasting framework based on multimodal sensor importance perception is proposed. This study emphasizes the framework’s role in decoding the complex nonlinear dependencies between atmospheric drivers and turbine responses. Through a multimodal feature encoding architecture, unified temporal representations of meteorological environments and turbine operational states are established. A sensor-importance-aware attention mechanism and a cross-modal relational modeling strategy are introduced to adaptively allocate contributions under varying contexts. Furthermore, prediction compensation and uncertainty characterization modules are integrated to enhance robustness. Systematic experiments on real-world multi-source data validate the method. Overall performance comparisons demonstrate that MAE, RMSE, and MAPE reach 30.48, 42.37, and 9.16 percent, respectively, with the coefficient of determination R2 achieving 0.957, significantly outperforming the Transformer baseline. In multi-horizon tasks, the model exhibits superior error accumulation suppression, with twelve-step forecasting errors remaining at 41.27 and 56.48. These findings reveal that the framework captures the context-dependent nonlinear mapping of energy systems, providing effective technical support for green energy dispatch and intelligent sensing applications.

• Publisher: MDPI AG,Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
• Subject: Accuracy / Alternative energy sources / Artificial intelligence / artificial intelligence-driven sensing / Deep learning / Green technology / multimodal data fusion / multimodal sensors / Neural networks / Renewable resources / Semantics / Sensors / smart energy systems / spatiotemporal time-series modeling / Turbines / Weather forecasting / Wind farms / Wind power