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Unlocking Optimal Performance of PGM-Free CeCuOx Mixed Oxide Catalysts for CO and C3H6 Emission Conversion
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Journal Article
Unlocking Optimal Performance of PGM-Free CeCuOx Mixed Oxide Catalysts for CO and C3H6 Emission Conversion
2025
Overview
A sustainable and cost-effective alternative for environmental applications is the use of PGM-free catalysts, which are crucial for pollutant removal. This research employed the sol-gel method to synthesize stable and effective mesoporous CeCuO
x
mixed oxide catalysts to facilitate the oxidation of CO and C
3
H
6
emissions at lower temperatures. Additionally, pure CeO
2
and CuO were also synthesized for comparative analysis. Catalytic performance was considerably increased by doping CeO
2
with Cu, whereas pure CuO and CeO
2
showed modest activity. XRD, SEM, BET, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, H
2
-TPR, and CO-TPD showed that increasing Ce content produced a consistent pore structure without aggregation. In contrast, higher Cu concentration resulted in bulk CuO production, which led to decreased catalytic performance. In particular, the production of isolated CuO
x
species partly covered or clogged pores when the Cu level was above 20 wt%, which reduced the total number of effective sites for O
2
activation. Compared to other mixed and pure oxides, the ideal catalyst, Ce
7
Cu
3
Ox (T
90, CO
= 178 °C), showed smaller particle size, higher specific surface area, and a larger lattice oxygen species and oxygen vacancies concentration. Additionally, it showed the best CO and C
3
H
6
conversion due to its high Ce
3+
concentration and interfacial active Cu species ratio. H
2
-TPR and CO-TPD analyses demonstrated that Ce-Cu mixed oxides with optimal Ce/Cu ratios, particularly Ce
7
Cu
3
O
x
and Ce
5
Cu
5
O
x
, achieve enhanced reducibility and balanced CO adsorption, which are critical for maximizing catalytic reactivity. The catalytic activity exhibited the following sequence: Ce
7
Cu
3
O
x
> Ce
5
Cu
5
O
x
> Ce
9
Cu
1
O
x
> Ce
3
Cu
7
O
x
> Ce
1
Cu
9
O
x
> CuO > CeO
2
. This investigation offers a valuable perspective on the mechanisms of Ce-Cu interaction, which contributes to developing high-performance CeCuOx catalysts that are free of PGMs and operate under realistic reaction conditions.
Graphical abstract
Publisher
Springer US,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
