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Multiple highly resistant clones of MRSA circulating among patients with skin and soft tissue infection, Peshawar, Pakistan 2021–2022
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Multiple highly resistant clones of MRSA circulating among patients with skin and soft tissue infection, Peshawar, Pakistan 2021–2022
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Journal Article
Multiple highly resistant clones of MRSA circulating among patients with skin and soft tissue infection, Peshawar, Pakistan 2021–2022
2025
Overview
We aimed to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, carriage of Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL), and the clonal structure of MRSA isolates collected from skin and soft tissue infections at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Between August 2021 and May 2022, 154 non-repetitive MRSA isolates were consecutively collected and characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, SCCmec typing, spa typing, and detection of PVL by PCR. MLST clonal complexes (CCs) were inferred from spa type using the Based Upon Repeat Pattern (BURP) algorithm. High levels of resistance were observed to ciprofloxacin (85.7%), erythromycin (76.0%), sulfamethoxazole (68.8%), gentamicin (68.8%), fusidic acid (57.8%), tetracycline (55.8%), and clindamycin (42.2%). Clonal analysis revealed 16 lineages, with the most frequent being CC8-MRSA-IV (27.3%), PVL-positive “Bengal Bay” CC1/ST772-MRSA-V (26.0%), and CC1-MRSA-IV (16.2%). PVL was detected in 45.5% of isolates across multiple lineages. Our findings highlight the coexistence of high antimicrobial resistance and frequent PVL carriage among MRSA in Pakistan. Given the association of PVL with severe infections and the limited treatment options for multidrug-resistant strains, these data underscore a significant public health concern and the need for systematic surveillance and prudent antibiotic use.
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
Subject
/ Adult
/ Aged
/ Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
/ Child
/ Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
/ Female
/ Humans
/ Male
/ Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects
/ Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - genetics
/ Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification
/ Patients
/ Skin
/ Soft Tissue Infections - epidemiology
/ Soft Tissue Infections - microbiology
/ Spas
/ Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology
/ Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology
/ Staphylococcal Skin Infections - epidemiology
/ Staphylococcal Skin Infections - microbiology
/ Typing
