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Combining surface-accessible Ag and Au colloidal nanomaterials with SERS for in situ analysis of molecule–metal interactions in complex solution environments
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Combining surface-accessible Ag and Au colloidal nanomaterials with SERS for in situ analysis of molecule–metal interactions in complex solution environments
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Journal Article
Combining surface-accessible Ag and Au colloidal nanomaterials with SERS for in situ analysis of molecule–metal interactions in complex solution environments
2023
Overview
The interactions between molecules and noble metal nanosurfaces play a central role in many areas of nanotechnology. The surface chemistry of noble metal surfaces under ideal, clean conditions has been extensively studied; however, clean conditions are seldom met in real-world applications. We developed a sensitive and robust characterization technique for probing the surface chemistry of nanomaterials in the complex environments that are directly relevant to their applications. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can be used to probe the interaction of plasmonic nanoparticles with light to enhance the Raman signals of molecules near the surface of nanoparticles. Here, we explain how to couple SERS with surface-accessible plasmonic-enhancing substrates, which are capped with weakly adsorbing capping ligands such as citrate and chloride ions, to allow molecule–metal interactions to be probed in situ and in real time, thus providing information on the surface orientation and the formation and breaking of chemical bonds. The procedure covers the synthesis and characterization of surface-accessible colloids, the preliminary SERS screening with agglomerated colloids, the synthesis and characterization of interfacial nanoparticle assemblies, termed metal liquid-like films, and the in situ biphasic SERS analysis with metal liquid-like films. The applications of the approach are illustrated using two examples: the probing of
π
–metal interactions and that of target/ligand–particle interactions on hollow bimetallic nanostars. This protocol, from the initial synthesis of the surface-accessible plasmonic nanoparticles to the final in situ biphasic SERS analysis, requires ~14 h and is ideally suited to users with basic knowledge in performing Raman spectroscopy and wet synthesis of metal nanoparticles.
Key points
This protocol covers the synthesis of three types of modifier-free and surface-accessible nanoparticle colloids and of interfacial nanoparticle assemblies (termed metal liquid-like films) as well as their characterization using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
The plasmonic nanomaterials enable the characterization of molecule–metal interactions in complex environments, avoiding the typical passivation of nanomaterials when using surface-adsorbed molecular modifiers.
Combining surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with surface-accessible nanomaterials allows molecule–metal interactions to be probed in the complex environments that are directly relevant to their application. This will underpin the development of improved functional nanomaterials.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
