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Biological activity of soil cultivated with pigeon pea under different fertilization managements
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Biological activity of soil cultivated with pigeon pea under different fertilization managements
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Journal Article
Biological activity of soil cultivated with pigeon pea under different fertilization managements
2024
Overview
Fertilization management of pigeon peas can increase soil quality and the N utilization by plants. Therefore, we evaluated the biological activity of soil cultivated with pigeon peas (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.) under different fertilization treatments. A randomized block design was used with three replicates and a 3×5 factorial arrangement (genotype×fertilization and inoculation management). At full flowering stage, the plants were collected and shoot dry matter was evaluated. Soil was sampled at 0-20 cm for various analysis viz. nodulation assessment; soil organic carbon; total nitrogen; carbon and nitrogen from microbial biomass; C/N ratio; β-glucosidase and urease enzymatic activity. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (P ≤ 0.05). A Pearson correlation matrix was constructed, and the similarity between treatments was evaluated using the Mahalanobis distance and grouping was done using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA). Both the experimental genotypes (BRS03 and BRS04) showed similar nodulation and shoot dry matter pattern with respect to fertilizer treatments. Furthermore, the microbial inoculation promoted a higher shoot dry matter content in all the genotypes. The application of mineral N and inoculation increased the total N content in the soil, favoring the mineralization of this nutrient. During the testing phase, the genotypes exhibited an increase in microbial carbon and microbial quotient levels, indicating an improvement in soil quality. The combination of fertilization and inoculation increased the enzymatic activity of β-glucosidase and urease. The correlation matrix showed a strong association between N total and C/N ratio. The formation of groups by UPGMA was observed as a function of inoculation, demonstrating its effect on soil biological variables. RESUMO: O manejo da adubação do feijão-guandu pode melhorar a qualidade do solo e o aproveitamento do N pelas plantas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a atividade biológica do solo cultivado com feijão guandu (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.) com diferentes manejos de adubação. Empregou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições e arranjo fatorial 3x5 (genótipos x fertilização e manejo de inoculação). Na fase de florescimento pleno procedeu-se a coleta da planta, para determinação da massa seca da parte aérea e do solo em 0-20 cm, para avaliações da nodulação; carbono orgânico total; nitrogênio total; carbono e nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana; relação C/N; atividade enzimática de β-glucosidase e urease. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste Tukey (P ≤ 0,05). Foi construída uma matriz de correlações de Pearson, a similaridade entre os tratamentos foi avaliada pela distância de Mahalanobis e o agrupamento pelo método de pares não ponderados com média aritmética (UPGMA). Ambos genótipos experimentais (BRS03 e BRS04) apresentaram comportamento semelhante para nodulação e padrão de matéria seca da parte aérea semelhantes em relação aos tratamentos com adubação. A aplicação de N mineral e inoculação incrementou o N total do solo, favorecendo a mineralização deste nutriente. Durante as fases de testes, os genótipos obtiveram elevação nos teores de carbono microbiano e quociente microbiano, indicando melhoria da qualidade do solo. A combinação de adubação e inoculação aumentou a atividade das enzimas β-glicosidase e urease. A matiz de correlação demonstrou elevada associação entre N total e relação C/N. A formação dos grupos pelo UPGMA foi obtida em função da inoculação, evidenciando seu efeito sobre as variáveis biológicas do solo.
