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Carbon majors and the scientific case for climate liability
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Journal Article
Carbon majors and the scientific case for climate liability
2025
Overview
Will it ever be possible to sue anyone for damaging the climate? Twenty years after this question was first posed, we argue that the scientific case for climate liability is closed. Here we detail the scientific and legal implications of an ‘end-to-end’ attribution that links fossil fuel producers to specific damages from warming. Using scope 1 and 3 emissions data from major fossil fuel companies, peer-reviewed attribution methods and advances in empirical climate economics, we illustrate the trillions in economic losses attributable to the extreme heat caused by emissions from individual companies. Emissions linked to Chevron, the highest-emitting investor-owned company in our data, for example, very likely caused between US $791 billion and $3.6 trillion in heat-related losses over the period 1991–2020, disproportionately harming the tropical regions least culpable for warming. More broadly, we outline a transparent, reproducible and flexible framework that formalizes how end-to-end attribution could inform litigation by assessing whose emissions are responsible and for which harms. Drawing quantitative linkages between individual emitters and particularized harms is now feasible, making science no longer an obstacle to the justiciability of climate liability claims.
A transparent and reproducible scientific framework is introduced to formalize how trillions in economic losses are attributable to the extreme heat caused by emissions from fossil fuel companies, which could inform climate liability claims.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Carbon
/ Emitters
/ Fossil Fuels - adverse effects
/ Global Warming - legislation & jurisprudence
/ Global Warming - prevention & control
/ Global Warming - statistics & numerical data
/ Hot Temperature - adverse effects
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Industry - legislation & jurisprudence
/ Injuries
/ Science
