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The Ethiopian subcontinental mantle domains: geochemical evidence from Cenozoic mafic lavas
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The Ethiopian subcontinental mantle domains: geochemical evidence from Cenozoic mafic lavas
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Journal Article
The Ethiopian subcontinental mantle domains: geochemical evidence from Cenozoic mafic lavas
2005
Overview
Since the Cenozoic, Ethiopia was affected by a widespread volcanic activity related to the geodynamic evolution of the Afar triple junction. The plateau building phase was followed by the formation of the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) accompanied by a bimodal volcanic activity in both the inner parts of the rift and its shoulders. Outside the rift, a concurrent volcanic activity occurred mainly along transversal tectonic lineaments, the most important of which is the Yerer-Tullu Wellel Volcano-Tectonic Lineament (YTVL) developing for 500 km westward of Addis Abeba. Scattered Pliocene Quaternary volcanoes are reported also inside the plateau such as those outcropping nearby Lake Tana. Here we present the result of a study on carefully screened mafic lavas outcropping in two sectors located off-axis the MER, namely, the YTVL and the southern part of Lake Tana; and in one sector located in the southern tip of the MER close to Megado, in the Sidamo region. The screened samples are petrographically fresh and have SiO2<52 wt.% and MgO>4 wt.%, to minimise crystal fractionation effects. Most of the samples belong to the Late Miocene Quaternary volcanic activity of the East African Rift System (EARS), although a number of samples along the YTVL are representative of the Late Eocene Early Miocene Ethiopian Volcanic Plateau flood basalts. The selected mafic lavas offer the opportunity to assess the geochemical diversity, if any. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
