Journal Article

Rainfall-Runoff modelling using SWAT and eight artificial intelligence models in the Murredu Watershed, India

Gopi, Varun P., Shekar, Padala Raja, S., Arun P., Mathew, Aneesh

2023

Overview

The growing concerns surrounding water supply, driven by factors such as population growth and industrialization, have highlighted the need for accurate estimation of streamflow at the river basin level. To achieve this, rainfall-runoff models are widely employed as valuable tools in watershed management. For this specific study, two modelling approaches were employed: the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and a set of eight artificial intelligence (AI) models. The AI models consisted of seven data-driven approaches, namely k -nearest neighbour regression, support vector regression, linear regression, artificial neural networks, random forest regression, XGBoost, and Histogram-based Gradient Boost regression. Additionally, a deep learning model known as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) was also utilized. The study focused on monthly streamflow modelling in the Murredu River basin, with a calibration period from 1999 to 2003 and a validation period from 2004 to 2005, spanning a total of 7 years from 1999 to 2005. The results indicated that all nine models were generally suitable for simulating the rainfall-runoff process, with the LSTM model demonstrating exceptional performance in both the calibration ( R 2 is 0.97 and NSE is 0.96) and validation ( R 2 is 0.97 and NSE is 0.92) periods. Its high coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values indicated its superior ability to accurately model the rainfall-runoff relationship. While the other models also produced satisfactory results, the findings suggest that selecting the most efficient model, such as the LSTM model, could significantly contribute to the effective management and planning of sustainable water resources in the Murredu watershed.

• Publisher: Springer International Publishing,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Algorithms / Artificial intelligence / Artificial neural networks / Calibration / Deep learning / Earth and Environmental Science / Ecology / Ecotoxicology / Environment / Environmental Management / Environmental monitoring / Environmental science / Hydrologic cycle / Hydrologic models / Hydrology / India / Industrialization / Land use / Long short-term memory / Machine learning / Modelling / Monitoring/Environmental Analysis / Neural networks / Pollutants / Population growth / Precipitation / R&D / Rain / Rainfall / Rainfall simulators / Rainfall-runoff modeling / Rainfall-runoff relationships / Regression / regression analysis / Research & development / River basins / Rivers / Runoff / Runoff models / Runoff process / Soil and Water Assessment Tool model / Soil water / Stream discharge / Stream flow / Support vector machines / Topography / Water resources / Water resources management / Water supply / Watershed management / Watersheds