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Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration
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Journal Article
Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration
2022
Overview
Ungulate migrations are crucial for maintaining abundant populations and functional ecosystems. However, little is known about how or why migratory behaviour evolved in ungulates. To investigate the evolutionary origins of ungulate migration, we employed phylogenetic path analysis using a comprehensive species-level phylogeny of mammals. We found that 95 of 207 extant ungulate species are at least partially migratory, with migratory behaviour originating independently in 17 lineages. The evolution of migratory behaviour is associated with reliance on grass forage and living at higher latitudes wherein seasonal resource waves are most prevalent. Indeed, originations coincide with mid-Miocene cooling and the subsequent rise of C
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grasslands. Also, evolving migratory behaviour supported the evolution of larger bodies, allowing ungulates to exploit new ecological space. Reconstructions of migratory behaviour further revealed that seven of ten recently extinct species were probably migratory, suggesting that contemporary migrations are important models for understanding the ecology of the past.
The authors examine present and past drivers of ungulate migratory behaviour, finding that current migratory ungulates are larger, more grass-dependent and live at higher latitudes on average than non-migrants, and that migration probably emerged after the rise of C
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grasslands and increased seasonality towards the poles.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
