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High Resolution Postmortem MRI Discovers Developing Structural Connectivity in the Human Ascending Arousal Network
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High Resolution Postmortem MRI Discovers Developing Structural Connectivity in the Human Ascending Arousal Network
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Journal Article
High Resolution Postmortem MRI Discovers Developing Structural Connectivity in the Human Ascending Arousal Network
2025
Overview
Human arousal is essential to survival and mediated by the ascending arousal network (AAN) and its connections. It spans from the brainstem to the diencephalon, basal forebrain, and cerebral cortex. Despite advances in mapping the AAN in adults, it is unexplored in fetal and early infant life, especially with high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging techniques. In this study, we conducted—for the first time—high‐resolution ex vivo diffusion MRI‐based analysis of the AAN in seven fetal, infant, and adult brains, incorporating probabilistic tractography and quantifying connectivity using graph theory. We observed that AAN structural connectivity becomes increasingly integrated during development, progressively reaching rostrally during the first postconceptional year. We quantitatively identified the dorsal raphe (DR) nucleus and ventral tegmental area (VTA) as AAN connectivity hubs already in the fetus persisting into adulthood. The DR appears to form a local hub of short‐range connectivities, while the VTA evolves as a long‐range global hub. The identified connectivity maps advance our understanding of AAN architecture changes due to normative human brain development, as well as disorders of arousal, such as coma and sudden infant death syndrome. We used high‐resolution ex vivo diffusion MRI and graph theory to analyze ascending arousal network development in fetal to adult brains, revealing increasing rostral integration postnatally and identifying the dorsal raphe nucleus and ventral tegmental area as persistent connectivity hubs from fetal stages through adulthood.
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Subject
/ Arousal
/ Brain
/ Brain - growth & development
/ developing structural connectivity
/ Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods
/ Diffusion Tensor Imaging - methods
/ Female
/ Fetus
/ Fetuses
/ Humans
/ Infant
/ Infants
/ Male
/ Nerve Net - anatomy & histology
/ Nerve Net - diagnostic imaging
/ Nerve Net - growth & development
/ Neural Pathways - diagnostic imaging
/ Neural Pathways - growth & development
/ SIDS
/ Sudden infant death syndrome
/ Ventral Tegmental Area - anatomy & histology
/ Ventral Tegmental Area - diagnostic imaging
