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Advances in Nanotoxicology: Towards Enhanced Environmental and Physiological Relevance and Molecular Mechanisms
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Advances in Nanotoxicology: Towards Enhanced Environmental and Physiological Relevance and Molecular Mechanisms
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Journal Article
Advances in Nanotoxicology: Towards Enhanced Environmental and Physiological Relevance and Molecular Mechanisms
2021
Overview
Early on, nanotoxicology studies established a necessary understanding of dose-response relationships of nanomaterials using typical in vitro toxicology models, provided crucial information on interferences induced by nanoparticles (NPs) in the conventional toxicity assays and how to overcome these, and demonstrated that due to their unique physical–chemical properties, nanomaterials act via different toxicological mechanisms than the bulk counterparts of the same materials. [...]recent trends in nanotoxicology include incorporation of high-throughput screening approaches to establish structure-activity relationships using libraries of NPs with different properties and in vitro screening assays combined with computational analysis; omics- approaches, including metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics, to discover molecular-level effects of NPs at low, sub-lethal NP concentrations, and method development to include sensitive toxicity assays for early detection of toxic effects. Another major direction of nanotoxicology which has gained momentum in the recent years is the safety assessment of nanomaterials designed for applications in biotechnology, environmental bioremediation, wastewater treatment, agriculture, and nanomedicine. [...]nanotoxicology has a substantial role not only in the risk assessment of unintentionally or intentionally produced nanomaterials but also in ensuring successful nanoinnovation across broad applications and enabling safe-by-design approach in nanotechnology. Malhotra et al. review published data regarding the toxicity of Cu and Cu NPs in various fish species [12]. Since Cu-based formulations are widely applied as antifouling paints in underwater surfaces, understanding the toxicity and mechanisms of action of Cu NPs are crucial for establishing guidelines for the usage of these NPs in a sustainable manner.
Publisher
MDPI AG,MDPI
Subject
