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Asian Summer Monsoon and Orographic Winds Change the Pollen Flow in the Hengduan Mountains, Southwestern China
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Asian Summer Monsoon and Orographic Winds Change the Pollen Flow in the Hengduan Mountains, Southwestern China
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Journal Article
Asian Summer Monsoon and Orographic Winds Change the Pollen Flow in the Hengduan Mountains, Southwestern China
2025
Overview
Unlike plains, mountains provide diverse habitats for various biomes due to complex topography and large altitudinal differences. It is crucial for objectively reconstructing deep‐time biodiversity changes that the pollen source, dispersal, and driving forces in montane ecosystems are studied. Here, we investigate surface soil samples from different vertical zones in the Hengduan Mountains. Results show the pollen assemblages generally reflect the dominant components of the warm temperate coniferous forest and the cold temperate coniferous and sclerophyllous oak mixed forest, but exotic anemophilous pollen like Pinus (53.4%), Alnus (3.5%), Tsuga (1.1%), and Juglans (0.5%) are found in the subalpine scrub and meadows by upslope flow. The atmospheric reanalysis data suggests that the Asian summer monsoon and diurnally‐varying orographic winds may jointly drive the upslope and downslope pollen flows. These new findings provide basic scientific data and potential interpretations for the reconstructions of past vegetation and plant diversity in global montane ecosystems. Plain Language Summary The origin and evolution of plant diversity in montane ecosystems at global biodiversity hotspots is of great importance to the scientific community. Research on modern pollen depositional processes provides indispensable data for reconstructing past plant diversity. We reveal the pollen source, dispersal, and driving forces in montane ecosystems in the biodiversity hotspot of southwestern China. The Asian summer monsoon and diurnal orographic winds jointly drive the pollen flow. Our new findings provide scientific data and potential interpretation for deep‐time reconstruction of vegetation and plant diversity in montane ecosystems throughout the world. Key Points Exotic anemophilous pollen grains from low altitude are found in the subalpine scrub and meadows by upslope flow The Asian summer monsoon and diurnally‐varying orographic winds may jointly drive the upslope and downslope pollen flows in the region
