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PARP Inhibitors in the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
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PARP Inhibitors in the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
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Journal Article
PARP Inhibitors in the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
2018
Overview
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, manifesting in a broad differentiation in phenotypes and morphologic profiles, resulting in variable clinical behavior. Between 10 and 20% of all breast cancers are triple negative. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and hormone receptors; therefore, to date, chemotherapy remains the backbone of treatment. TNBC tends to be aggressive and has a high histological grade, resulting in a poor 5-year prognosis. It has a high prevalence of
BRCA1
mutations and an increased Ki-67 expression. This subtype usually responds well to taxanes and/or platinum compounds and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Studies with PARP inhibitors have demonstrated promising results in the treatment of
BRCA
-mutated breast and ovarian cancer, and PARP inhibitors have been studied as monotherapy and in combination with cytotoxic therapy or radiotherapy. PARP inhibitor efficacy on poly (ADP-ribose) polymer (PAR) formation in vivo can be quantified by pharmacodynamic assays that measure PAR activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Biomarkers such as
TP53
,
ATM
,
PALB2
and
RAD51C
might be prognostic or predictive indicators for treatment response, and could also provide targets for novel treatment strategies. In summary, this review provides an overview of the treatment options for basal-like TNBC, including PARP inhibitors, and focuses on the pharmacotherapeutic options in these patients.
Publisher
Springer International Publishing,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
/ Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics
/ DNA
/ Female
/ Genetic Predisposition to Disease
/ Humans
/ Kinases
/ Medicine
/ Mutation
/ Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors - adverse effects
/ Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors - therapeutic use
/ Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - drug therapy
/ Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - enzymology
/ Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - genetics
/ Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - pathology
/ Tumors
