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Cumulative iodinated contrast exposure for computed tomography during acute kidney injury and major adverse kidney events
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Cumulative iodinated contrast exposure for computed tomography during acute kidney injury and major adverse kidney events
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Journal Article
Cumulative iodinated contrast exposure for computed tomography during acute kidney injury and major adverse kidney events
2021
Overview
Objectives
To determine if contrast-enhanced CT imaging performed in patients during their episode of AKI contributes to major adverse kidney events (MAKE).
Methods
A propensity score–matched analysis of 1127 patients with AKI defined by KDIGO criteria was done. Their mean age was 63 ± 16 years with 56% males. A total of 419 cases exposed to CT contrast peri-AKI were matched with 798 non-exposed controls for 14 covariates including comorbidities, acute illnesses, and initial AKI severity; outcomes including MAKE and renal recovery in hospital were compared using bivariate analysis and logistic regression. MAKE was a composite of mortality, renal replacement therapy, and doubling of serum creatinine on discharge over baseline; renal recovery was classified as early versus late based on a 7-day timeline from AKI onset to nadir creatinine or cessation of renal replacement therapy in survivors.
Results
Sixty-two patients received cumulatively > 100 mL of CT contrast, 143 patients had > 50–100 mL, and 214 patients had 50 mL or less; MAKE occurred in 34%, 17%, and 21%, respectively, as compared with 20% in non-exposed controls (
p
= 0.008 for patients with > 100 mL contrast versus none). More contrast-exposed patients experienced late renal recovery (27% versus 20%) and longer hospital days (median 10 versus 8) than non-exposed patients (all
p
< 0.01). On multivariate analysis, cumulative CT contrast > 100 mL was independently associated with MAKE (odds ratio 2.39 versus non-contrast, adjusted for all confounders,
p
= 0.005); cumulative CT contrast under 100 mL was not associated with MAKE.
Conclusions
High cumulative volume of CT contrast administered to patients with AKI is associated with worse short-term renal outcomes and delayed renal recovery.
Key Points
• Cumulative intravenous iodinated contrast for CT imaging of more than 100 mL, during an episode of acute kidney injury, was independently associated with worse renal outcomes and less renal recovery.
• These adverse outcomes including renal replacement therapy were not more frequent in similar patients who received cumulatively 100 mL or less of CT contrast, compared with non-exposed patients.
• More patients with CT contrast exposure during acute kidney injury experienced delayed renal recovery.
