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Journal Article
Bridging structural and cell biology with cryo-electron microscopy
2024
Overview
Most life scientists would agree that understanding how cellular processes work requires structural knowledge about the macromolecules involved. For example, deciphering the double-helical nature of DNA revealed essential aspects of how genetic information is stored, copied and repaired. Yet, being reductionist in nature, structural biology requires the purification of large amounts of macromolecules, often trimmed off larger functional units. The advent of cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) greatly facilitated the study of large, functional complexes and generally of samples that are hard to express, purify and/or crystallize. Nevertheless, cryo-EM still requires purification and thus visualization outside of the natural context in which macromolecules operate and coexist. Conversely, cell biologists have been imaging cells using a number of fast-evolving techniques that keep expanding their spatial and temporal reach, but always far from the resolution at which chemistry can be understood. Thus, structural and cell biology provide complementary, yet unconnected visions of the inner workings of cells. Here we discuss how the interplay between cryo-EM and cryo-electron tomography, as a connecting bridge to visualize macromolecules in situ, holds great promise to create comprehensive structural depictions of macromolecules as they interact in complex mixtures or, ultimately, inside the cell itself.
The interplay between cryo-electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography to define complex macromolecular assemblies and visualize them in situ is explored.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Biology
/ Cell Biology - instrumentation
/ Cryoelectron Microscopy - methods
/ Cryoelectron Microscopy - trends
/ Electron Microscope Tomography - methods
/ Electron Microscope Tomography - trends
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Macromolecular Substances - analysis
/ Macromolecular Substances - chemistry
/ Macromolecular Substances - metabolism
/ Macromolecular Substances - ultrastructure
/ Mutation
/ Proteins
/ Review
/ Science
/ Software
