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RtxA1-Induced Expression of the Small GTPase Rac2 Plays a Key Role in the Pathogenicity of Vibrio vulnificus
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RtxA1-Induced Expression of the Small GTPase Rac2 Plays a Key Role in the Pathogenicity of Vibrio vulnificus
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RtxA1-Induced Expression of the Small GTPase Rac2 Plays a Key Role in the Pathogenicity of Vibrio vulnificus
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Journal Article
RtxA1-Induced Expression of the Small GTPase Rac2 Plays a Key Role in the Pathogenicity of Vibrio vulnificus
2010
Overview
Infection with the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox) in host cells. In the present study, we employed mutant V. vulnificus strains to identify an essential virulence factor responsible for this ROS generation. We found that repeats-in-toxin A1 (RtxA1) expressed by V. vulnificus acts via Nox1 to induce significant ROS generation in the intestine epithelial cells, which ultimately results in cell death. Furthermore, RtxA1 modulates the small GTPase Rac2, which is known to play an important role in the activation of Nox. When mice were infected by the oral method, in contrast with the wild-type bacteria, an RtxA1-deficient V. vulnificus mutant was unable to induce ROS generation within the intestine and failed to cause death. These findings strongly suggest that RtxA1-induced Rac2 expression is a critical step underlying the pathogenicity of V. vulnificus
Publisher
The University of Chicago Press,University of Chicago Press,Oxford University Press
Subject
/ Bacteria
/ Bacterial Toxins - metabolism
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Epithelial Cells - microbiology
/ Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
/ Humans
/ Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology
/ Mice
/ Oxidases
/ rac GTP-Binding Proteins - metabolism
/ Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
/ Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
/ Vibrio Infections - microbiology
