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Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics
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Journal Article
Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics
2025
Overview
Mitochondria not only synthesize energy required for cellular functions but are also involved in numerous cellular pathways including apoptosis, calcium homoeostasis, inflammation and immunity. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo cycles of fission and fusion, and these transitions between fragmented and hyperfused networks ensure mitochondrial function, enabling adaptations to metabolic changes or cellular stress. Defects in mitochondrial morphology have been associated with numerous diseases, highlighting the importance of elucidating the molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial morphology. Here, we discuss recent structural insights into the assembly and mechanism of action of the core mitochondrial dynamics proteins, such as the dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) that controls division, and the mitofusins (MFN1 and MFN2) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) driving membrane fusion. Furthermore, we provide an updated view of the complex interplay between different proteins, lipids and organelles during the processes of mitochondrial membrane fusion and fission. Overall, we aim to present a valuable framework reflecting current perspectives on how mitochondrial membrane remodelling is regulated.
Mitochondrial fusion and fission events are tightly regulated by core mitochondrial dynamics proteins. Recent structural and functional findings have characterized how these proteins interact with each other, with the mitochondrial membrane and with other organelles to guide membrane remodelling.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Animals
/ Atrophy
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Dynamin
/ Fission
/ GTP Phosphohydrolases - genetics
/ GTP Phosphohydrolases - metabolism
/ Humans
/ Lipids
/ Mitochondrial Dynamics - physiology
/ Mitochondrial Membranes - metabolism
/ Mitochondrial Proteins - genetics
/ Mitochondrial Proteins - metabolism
/ Proteins
