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Ligand-channel-enabled ultrafast Li-ion conduction
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Ligand-channel-enabled ultrafast Li-ion conduction
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Journal Article
Ligand-channel-enabled ultrafast Li-ion conduction
2024
Overview
Li-ion batteries (LIBs) for electric vehicles and aviation demand high energy density, fast charging and a wide operating temperature range, which are virtually impossible because they require electrolytes to simultaneously have high ionic conductivity, low solvation energy and low melting point and form an anion-derived inorganic interphase
1
–
5
. Here we report guidelines for designing such electrolytes by using small-sized solvents with low solvation energy. The tiny solvent in the secondary solvation sheath pulls out the Li
+
in the primary solvation sheath to form a fast ion-conduction ligand channel to enhance Li
+
transport, while the small-sized solvent with low solvation energy also allows the anion to enter the first Li
+
solvation shell to form an inorganic-rich interphase. The electrolyte-design concept is demonstrated by using fluoroacetonitrile (FAN) solvent. The electrolyte of 1.3 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in FAN exhibits ultrahigh ionic conductivity of 40.3 mS cm
−1
at 25 °C and 11.9 mS cm
−1
even at −70 °C, thus enabling 4.5-V graphite||LiNi
0.8
Mn
0.1
Co
0.1
O
2
pouch cells (1.2 Ah, 2.85 mAh cm
−2
) to achieve high reversibility (0.62 Ah) when the cells are charged and discharged even at −65 °C. The electrolyte with small-sized solvents enables LIBs to simultaneously achieve high energy density, fast charging and a wide operating temperature range, which is unattainable for the current electrolyte design but is highly desired for extreme LIBs. This mechanism is generalizable and can be expanded to other metal-ion battery electrolytes.
An electrolyte design using small-sized fluoroacetonitrile solvents to form a ligand channel produces lithium-ion batteries simultaneously achieving high energy density, fast charging and wide operating temperature range, desirable features for batteries working in extreme conditions.
