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Diabetes in the Old Order Amish: characterization and heritability analysis of the Amish Family Diabetes Study
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Journal Article
Diabetes in the Old Order Amish: characterization and heritability analysis of the Amish Family Diabetes Study
2000
Overview
Diabetes in the Old Order Amish: characterization and heritability analysis of the Amish Family Diabetes Study.
W C Hsueh ,
B D Mitchell ,
R Aburomia ,
T Pollin ,
H Sakul ,
M Gelder Ehm ,
B K Michelsen ,
M J Wagner ,
P L St Jean ,
W C Knowler ,
D K Burns ,
C J Bell and
A R Shuldiner
Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The Old Order Amish (OOA) are a genetically well-defined closed Caucasian founder population. The Amish Family
Diabetes Study was initiated to identify susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes. This article describes the genetic epidemiology
of type 2 diabetes and related traits in this unique population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study cohort comprised Amish
probands with diabetes who were diagnosed between 35 and 65 years of age and their extended adult family members. We recruited
953 adults who represented 45 multigenerational families. Phenotypic characterization included anthropometry, blood pressure,
diabetes status, lipid profile, and leptin levels. RESULTS: The mean age of study participants was 46 years, and the mean
BMI was 26.9 kg/m2. Subjects with type 2 diabetes were older, more obese, and had higher insulin levels. The prevalence of
diabetes in the OOA was approximately half that of the Caucasian individuals who participated in the Third National Health
and Nutrition Examination Survey (95% CI 0.23-0.84). The prevalence of diabetes in the siblings of the diabetic probands was
26.5% compared with a prevalence of 7.0% in spouses (lambdaS = 3.28, 95% CI 1.58-6.80). The heritability of diabetes-related
quantitative traits was substantial (13-70% for obesity-related traits, 10-42% for glucose levels, and 11-24% for insulin
levels during the oral glucose tolerance test; P = 0.01 to <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Type 2 diabetes in the Amish has similar
phenotypic features to that of the overall Caucasian population, although the prevalence in the Amish community is lower than
that of the Caucasian population. There is significant familial clustering of type 2 diabetes and related traits. This unique
family collection will be an excellent resource for investigating the genetic underpinnings of type 2 diabetes.
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Subject
/ Adults
/ Aged
/ analysis
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ blood
/ Diabetes
/ Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology
/ Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - genetics
/ Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance
/ Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)
/ Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance
/ Female
/ genetics
/ Glucose
/ Glutamate Decarboxylase - immunology
/ Glycated Hemoglobin A - analysis
/ Humans
/ Leptin
/ Lipids
/ Male
/ Religion
