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Aquatic High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Vascular Function, Whereas Aquatic Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Lowers Resting Heart Rate in Overweight and Obese Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Aquatic High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Vascular Function, Whereas Aquatic Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Lowers Resting Heart Rate in Overweight and Obese Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Aquatic High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Vascular Function, Whereas Aquatic Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Lowers Resting Heart Rate in Overweight and Obese Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Journal Article
Aquatic High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Vascular Function, Whereas Aquatic Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Lowers Resting Heart Rate in Overweight and Obese Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
2025
Overview
We investigated the effects of 8-week aquatic moderate-intensity continuous training (aMICT) and aquatic high-intensity interval training (aHIIT) on body composition, aerobic fitness, arterial stiffness, and endothelial function in overweight and obese young adults (OOYA). Sixty-one OOYA were randomly assigned to aHIIT, aMICT, or Control group. aHIIT group underwent twelve 30-second exercise bouts with the intensity of 85-95% HRmax, with a 60-second rest between each bout. aMICT group underwent an uninterrupted exercise with the intensity of 70-75% HRmax for 30 minutes. Endothelial function was assessed using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and arterial stiffness was evaluated through pulse wave velocity (PWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI). Results revealed that aHIIT but not aMICT decreased ABI and increased FMD and skeletal muscle mass, whereas only aMICT decreased resting heart rate. A positive correlation was found between the change in weight with the change in FMD (r = 0.527, p = 0.020) after aHIIT. Following subgroup analysis, a positive correlation between change in weight and change in FMD was also found in participants with increased skeletal muscle mass in aHIIT group (r = 0.665, p = 0.002). Moreover, the change in VO2max was positively correlated with the change in FMD (r = 0.568, p < 0.001). In conclusion, both aHIIT and aMICT can raise aerobic capacity among OOYA. Importantly, aHIIT offers a time-efficient option to improve vascular function in OOYA, whereas aMICT may be preferable when the primary goal is to lower resting heart rate.
Publisher
Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
Subject
/ Brachial Artery - physiology
/ Complications and side effects
/ Endothelium, Vascular - physiology
/ Female
/ High intensity interval training
/ High-Intensity Interval Training - methods
/ Humans
/ Male
/ Methods
/ Muscle, Skeletal - anatomy & histology
/ Muscle, Skeletal - physiology
/ Obesity
/ Overweight - physiopathology
/ Physical Fitness - physiology
