Journal Article

Gut bacterial markers involved in association of dietary inflammatory index with visceral adiposity

Geloneze, Bruno, Ferreira, Sandra Roberta G., Vasques, Ana Carolina J., de Almeida-Pititto, Bianca, Ribeiro, Francieli B., Hébert, James R., Shivappa, Nitin, Freitas, Renata G.B.O.N, Solar, Isabela, da Rocha Fernandes, Gabriel

2024

Overview

•The energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index was associated with markers of insulin resistance, inflammation, and body adiposity.•The energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index was inversely correlated with the abundance of the Eubacterium.xylanophilum.group.•The energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index was directly correlated with the abundance of Actinomyces.•Actinomyces were significantly more abundant in the highest (most proinflammatory) energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index quartile.•Actinomyces could be involved in the association between the dietary inflammatory index with visceral adiposity. To deepen the understanding of the influence of diet on weight gain and metabolic disturbances, we examined associations between diet-related inflammation and body composition and fecal bacteria abundances in participants of the Nutritionists’ Health Study. Early-life, dietary and clinical data were obtained from 114 women aged ≤45 years. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII). Participants’ data were compared by E-DII quartiles using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis. Associations of DXA-determined body composition with the E-DII were tested by multiple linear regression using DAG-oriented adjustments. Fecal microbiota was analyzed targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to test linear associations; differential abundance of genera across the E-DII quartiles was assessed by pair-wise comparisons. E-DII score was associated with total fat (b=1.80, p<0.001), FMI (b=0.08, p<0.001) and visceral fat (b=1.19, p=0.02), independently of maternal BMI, birth type and breastfeeding. E-DII score was directly correlated to HOMA-IR (r=0.30; p=0.004), C-reactive protein (r=0.29; p=0.003) and to the abundance of Actinomyces, and inversely correlated to the abundance of Eubacterium.xylanophilum.group. Actinomyces were significantly more abundant in the highest (most proinflammatory) E-DII quartile. Association of E-DII with markers of insulin resistance, inflammation, body adiposity and certain gut bacteria are consistent with beneficial effects of anti-inflammatory diet on body composition and metabolic profile. Bacterial markers, such as Actinomyces, could be involved in the association between the dietary inflammation with visceral adiposity. Studies designed to explore how a pro-inflammatory diet affects both central fat deposition and gut microbiota are needed.

• Publisher: Elsevier Inc,Elsevier Limited
• Subject: Abundance / Actinomyces / Adipose tissue / Adiposity / Antibiotics / Bacteria / Bacteria - metabolism / Body adiposity / Body composition / Body mass index / Body weight gain / Breast feeding / Breastfeeding & lactation / C-reactive protein / Cholesterol / Correlation coefficient / Correlation coefficients / Diabetes / Diet / Dietary inflammatory index / digestive system / Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry / Exercise / Fatty acids / Fecal microflora / Feces / Female / Food / food frequency questionnaires / Gastrointestinal Microbiome / genes / Glucose / Gut microbiota / Humans / Inflammation / Inflammation - metabolism / Insulin resistance / Intestinal microflora / intestinal microorganisms / Metabolism / Metabolites / Microbiota / Microorganisms / Musculoskeletal system / Nutrition research / Nutritionists / Obesity / Obesity, Abdominal - complications / Public health / Quartiles / Questionnaires / regression analysis / RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - metabolism / rRNA 16S / Tumor necrosis factor-TNF / Variance analysis / visceral fat / weight gain