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Journal Article
Quantum phases of matter on a 256-atom programmable quantum simulator
2021
Overview
Motivated by far-reaching applications ranging from quantum simulations of complex processes in physics and chemistry to quantum information processing
1
, a broad effort is currently underway to build large-scale programmable quantum systems. Such systems provide insights into strongly correlated quantum matter
2
–
6
, while at the same time enabling new methods for computation
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–
10
and metrology
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. Here we demonstrate a programmable quantum simulator based on deterministically prepared two-dimensional arrays of neutral atoms, featuring strong interactions controlled by coherent atomic excitation into Rydberg states
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. Using this approach, we realize a quantum spin model with tunable interactions for system sizes ranging from 64 to 256 qubits. We benchmark the system by characterizing high-fidelity antiferromagnetically ordered states and demonstrating quantum critical dynamics consistent with an Ising quantum phase transition in (2 + 1) dimensions
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. We then create and study several new quantum phases that arise from the interplay between interactions and coherent laser excitation
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, experimentally map the phase diagram and investigate the role of quantum fluctuations. Offering a new lens into the study of complex quantum matter, these observations pave the way for investigations of exotic quantum phases, non-equilibrium entanglement dynamics and hardware-efficient realization of quantum algorithms.
A programmable quantum simulator with 256 qubits is created using neutral atoms in two-dimensional optical tweezer arrays, demonstrating a quantum phase transition and revealing new quantum phases of matter.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
