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High Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in the Low-Transmission Setting of the Kingdom of Eswatini
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High Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in the Low-Transmission Setting of the Kingdom of Eswatini
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Journal Article
High Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in the Low-Transmission Setting of the Kingdom of Eswatini
2019
Overview
Abstract
Background
To better understand transmission dynamics, we characterized Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity in Eswatini, where transmission is low and sustained by importation.
Methods
Twenty-six P. falciparum microsatellites were genotyped in 66% of confirmed cases (2014–2016; N = 582). Population and within-host diversity were used to characterize differences between imported and locally acquired infections. Logistic regression was used to assess the added value of diversity metrics to classify imported and local infections beyond epidemiology data alone.
Results
Parasite population in Eswatini was highly diverse (expected heterozygosity [HE] = 0.75) and complex: 67% polyclonal infections, mean multiplicity of infection (MOI) 2.2, and mean within-host infection fixation index (FWS) 0.84. Imported cases had comparable diversity to local cases but exhibited higher MOI (2.4 vs 2.0; P = .004) and lower mean FWS (0.82 vs 0.85; P = .03). Addition of MOI and FWS to multivariate analyses did not increase discrimination between imported and local infections.
Conclusions
In contrast to the common perception that P. falciparum diversity declines with decreasing transmission intensity, Eswatini isolates exhibited high parasite diversity consistent with high rates of malaria importation and limited local transmission. Estimates of malaria transmission intensity from genetic data need to consider the effect of importation, especially as countries near elimination.
In contrast to the commonly held perception that P. falciparum diversity declines with decreasing transmission intensity, infections from Eswatini exhibited high parasite diversity consistent with high rates of malaria importation and limited local transmission.
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Subject
Communicable Diseases, Imported - epidemiology
/ Communicable Diseases, Imported - transmission
/ Communicable Diseases, Imported - virology
/ DNA, Protozoan - isolation & purification
/ Genome, Protozoan - genetics
/ Humans
/ Malaria
/ Malaria, Falciparum - epidemiology
/ Malaria, Falciparum - transmission
/ Malaria, Falciparum - virology
/ Plasmodium falciparum - genetics
