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New Left Experiences in Bolivia and Ecuador and the Challenge to Theories of Populism
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New Left Experiences in Bolivia and Ecuador and the Challenge to Theories of Populism
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Journal Article
New Left Experiences in Bolivia and Ecuador and the Challenge to Theories of Populism
2014
Overview
This article explores a paradox at the heart of New Left populism in Bolivia and Ecuador – namely, the election of populist leaders in movement societies. Employing Laclau's theory about the emergence of populism, it demonstrates how social movements, not charismatic leaders, first constructed the popular identities that laid the foundations for these regimes. In re-examining theories of populism in light of these cases, this article suggests that populism's transformative and counter-hegemonic potential needs to be given renewed attention, and that the central role of charismatic leadership should be qualified in terms of the origins of populist identity formation. Este artículo explora una paradoja en el corazón del populismo de la Nueva Izquierda en Bolivia y Ecuador, es decir la elección de líderes populistas en sociedades con fuertes movimientos sociales. Empleando la teoría de Laclau acerca de la emergencia del populismo, el material demuestra cómo los movimientos sociales, y no los líderes carismáticos, fueron los primeros en edificar las identidades populares que sentaron las bases para estos regímenes. Al reexaminar las teorías sobre el populismo a la luz de estos casos, el artículo sugiere que el potencial transformativo y contrahegemónico del populismo necesita una atención más fresca, y el papel central del liderazgo carismático debe ser reconsiderado en relación a los orígenes de la formación identitaria del populismo. Este artigo explora o paradoxo existente no cerne da Nova Esquerda na Bolívia e no Equador e externado pela eleição de líderes populistas em sociedades lideradas por movimentos. Empregando a teoria da emergência do populismo de Laclau, o artigo demonstra como os movimentos sociais, ao invés dos líderes populistas, construíram primeiro as identidades populares que fundamentaram estes regimes. Ao reexaminar teorias do populismo à luz destes casos, este artigo sugere que o potencial anti-hegemônico e de transformação do populismo necessita receber uma atenção renovada e o papel central da liderança carismática deveria ser qualificado em relação às origens da formação da identidade populista.
