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Protective major histocompatibility complex allele prevents type 1 diabetes by shaping the intestinal microbiota early in ontogeny
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Protective major histocompatibility complex allele prevents type 1 diabetes by shaping the intestinal microbiota early in ontogeny
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Journal Article
Protective major histocompatibility complex allele prevents type 1 diabetes by shaping the intestinal microbiota early in ontogeny
2017
Overview
Certain MHC-II or HLA-D alleles dominantly protect from particular autoimmune diseases. For example, expression of the MHC-II Eα:Eβ complex potently protects nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, which normally lack this isotype, from spontaneous development of type 1 diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain debated. We investigated MHC-II–mediated protection from type 1 diabetes using a previously reported NOD mouse line expressing an Eα transgene and, thereby, the Eα:Eβ complex. Eα16/NOD females vertically protected their NOD offspring from diabetes and insulitis, an effect that was dependent on the intestinal microbiota; moreover, they developed autoimmunity when treated with certain antibiotics or raised in a germ-free environment. Genomic and proteomic analyses revealed NOD and Eα16/NOD mice to host mild but significant differences in the intestinal microbiotas during a critical early window of ontogeny, and transfer of cecal contents from the latter to the former suppressed insulitis. Thus, protection from autoimmunity afforded by particular MHC/HLA alleles can operate via intestinal microbes, highlighting potentially important societal implications of treating infants, or even just their pregnant mothers, with antibiotics.
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Subject
/ Animals
/ Anti-Bacterial Agents - adverse effects
/ Cecum
/ Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - immunology
/ Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - microbiology
/ Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - prevention & control
/ Female
/ Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects
/ Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics
/ Gastrointestinal Microbiome - immunology
/ Germfree
/ Histocompatibility antigen HLA
/ Histocompatibility Antigens Class II - genetics
/ Humans
/ Infants
/ Islets of Langerhans - immunology
/ Islets of Langerhans - pathology
/ Major histocompatibility complex
/ Male
/ Maternal-Fetal Exchange - drug effects
/ Maternal-Fetal Exchange - genetics
/ Maternal-Fetal Exchange - immunology
/ Mice
/ Ontogeny
/ Rodents
/ Studies
