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Journal Article
Insights into the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial potential of Nigella sativa essential oil against oral pathogens
2024
Overview
Oral disorders can exert systemic ramifications beyond their localized effects on dental tissues, implicating a wide array of physiological conditions. The utilization of essential oils (EOs) for protection of oral health represents a longstanding practice. Consequently, in this investigation, essential oil derived from
Nigella sativa
seeds (NSEO) underwent isolation via the hydro-distillation process, followed by a comprehensive evaluation of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, antibacterial activities, and cytocompatibility. The isolated NSEO manifested as a pale-yellow substance and was found to harbor a diverse spectrum of bioactive constituents, including steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, proteins, alkaloids, tannin, sesquiterpenoid hydrocarbons, monoterpenoid alcohol, and monoterpenoid ketone (thymoquinone). Notably, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of NSEO were quantified at 641.23 μg GAE/gm and 442.25 μg QE/g, respectively. Furthermore, NSEO exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation, HRBC membrane stabilization, and hemolysis inhibition. Comparative analysis revealed that NSEO and chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.2% displayed substantial inhibition of hemolysis compared to aspirin. While NSEO and CHX 0.2% demonstrated analogous antibacterial activity against
Escherichia coli
,
Staphylococcus aureus
, and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, NSEO showcased heightened efficacy against
Lactobacillus acidophilus
and
Candida albicans
. Additionally, NSEO exhibited pronounced effects against periodontal pathogens such as
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
,
Porphyromonas gingivalis
,
Tannerella forsythia
, and
Prevotella intermedia
. Importantly, no cytotoxicity was observed on human gingival fibroblast cell lines. These findings underscore the potential of NSEO as a potent antibacterial and antifungal agent in the management of oral microbial pathogens, thereby offering avenues for the development of innovative therapies targeting diverse oral inflammatory conditions. Nevertheless, further investigations are imperative to unlock its full therapeutic repertoire.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry
/ Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
/ Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry
/ Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology
/ Anti-Inflammatory Agents - chemistry
/ Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology
/ Aspirin
/ Dental
/ E coli
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Oils, Volatile - pharmacology
/ Phenols
/ Science
