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Progress in Targeted Alpha-Particle-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals as Treatments for Prostate Cancer Patients with Bone Metastases
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Progress in Targeted Alpha-Particle-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals as Treatments for Prostate Cancer Patients with Bone Metastases
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Journal Article
Progress in Targeted Alpha-Particle-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals as Treatments for Prostate Cancer Patients with Bone Metastases
2021
Overview
Bone metastasis remains a major cause of death in cancer patients, and current therapies for bone metastatic disease are mainly palliative. Bone metastases arise after cancer cells have colonized the bone and co-opted the normal bone remodeling process. In addition to bone-targeted therapies (e.g., bisphosphonate and denosumab), hormone therapy, chemotherapy, external beam radiation therapy, and surgical intervention, attempts have been made to use systemic radiotherapy as a means of delivering cytocidal radiation to every bone metastatic lesion. Initially, several bone-seeking beta-minus-particle-emitting radiopharmaceuticals were incorporated into the treatment for bone metastases, but they failed to extend the overall survival in patients. However, recent clinical trials indicate that radium-223 dichloride (223RaCl2), an alpha-particle-emitting radiopharmaceutical, improves the overall survival of prostate cancer patients with bone metastases. This success has renewed interest in targeted alpha-particle therapy development for visceral and bone metastasis. This review will discuss (i) the biology of bone metastasis, especially focusing on the vicious cycle of bone metastasis, (ii) how bone remodeling has been exploited to administer systemic radiotherapies, and (iii) targeted radiotherapy development and progress in the development of targeted alpha-particle therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer bone metastasis.
Publisher
MDPI AG,MDPI
Subject
/ Alpha Particles - therapeutic use
/ Biology
/ Blood
/ Humans
/ Ligands
/ Male
/ Melanoma
/ Prostate-Specific Antigen - metabolism
/ Prostatic Neoplasms - drug therapy
/ Radiopharmaceuticals - chemistry
/ Radiopharmaceuticals - therapeutic use
/ Review
/ targeted alpha-particle-emitting radiopharmaceuticals
/ Tumors
