Journal Article

BAGI-assessed green GC-MS method for rapid analysis of paracetamol/metoclopramide in pharmaceuticals and plasma

Gamal, Mohammed, Hegazy, Amira M., Elsayed, Mohamed A., Al-Khateeb, Lateefa A., Löbenberg, Raimar

2025

Overview

The growing demand for eco-friendly and cost-effective analytical methods has driven the development of a fast, green, and sensitive GC-MS assay for the simultaneous quantification of paracetamol (PAR) and metoclopramide (MET) in pharmaceutical formulations and human plasma. Separation was achieved in 5 min using a high-polarity 5% Phenyl Methyl Silox column, with detection at *m/z* 109 (PAR) and 86 (MET). The method was fully validated per ICH guidelines, showing excellent linearity (PAR: 0.2–80 µg/mL, r² = 0.9999; MET: 0.3–90 µg/mL, r² = 0.9988) and precision (tablet recovery: 102.87 ± 3.605% PAR, 101.98 ± 3.392% MET; plasma recovery: 92.79 ± 1.521% PAR, 91.99 ± 2.153% MET). Greenness assessment via three metrics, including the BAGI tool (score: 82.5), confirmed its environmental superiority over conventional methods. With high sensitivity, accuracy, and a 5-minute runtime, this approach is ideal for routine quality control and pharmacokinetic studies.

• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
• Subject: 639/638 / 704/158 / Acetaminophen - analysis / Acetaminophen - blood / Analgesics / Analytical chemistry / Calibration / Chemotherapy / Chromatography / Drug dosages / Ecological / Ethanol / Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods / GC-MS / Green chemistry / Green Chemistry Technology - methods / Humanities and Social Sciences / Humans / Metoclopramide / Metoclopramide - analysis / Metoclopramide - blood / Migraine / multidisciplinary / Narcotics / Nausea / Paracetamol / Pharmaceutical Preparations - chemistry / Pharmaceuticals / Pharmacokinetics / Quality control / Reproducibility of Results / Science / Science (multidisciplinary) / Software / Solvents / Vomiting