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Solid-phase synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel pyridinium bromides
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Solid-phase synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel pyridinium bromides
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Solid-phase synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel pyridinium bromides
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Journal Article
Solid-phase synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel pyridinium bromides
2025
Overview
A series of amide-based mono and dimeric pyridinium bromides were synthesized using conventional and microwave-assisted solvent-free methods. The quaternization reactions of
m
-xylene dibromide and 4-nitrobenzylbromide with amide-based substituted pyridine proceeded efficiently, whereas 1,6-dibromohexane required reflux conditions. A comparative analysis of the solvent-free microwave-assisted reactions revealed a significant reduction in reaction time (up to 20-fold) and increased yields, accompanied by simplified work-up procedures. Notably, these reactions exhibited 100% atom economy and generated no environmental waste. The cytotoxic effects of the synthesized compounds were assessed using the MTT assay, nuclear staining, and Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) on the lung cancer cell line (A-549).Molecular docking studies were performed to investigate the interaction and binding of B-Raf kinase inhibitors with the amide-based mono and dimeric pyridinium bromides. Furthermore, the toxicity of the drug molecules was assessed using the BOILED-Egg plot at the central nervous system.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 631/154
/ 631/337
/ 631/92
/ 639/638
/ Antineoplastic Agents - chemical synthesis
/ Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry
/ Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology
/ Bromides
/ Bromides - chemical synthesis
/ Cancer
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Kinases
/ Molecular Docking Simulation
/ Pyridinium Compounds - chemical synthesis
/ Pyridinium Compounds - chemistry
/ Pyridinium Compounds - pharmacology
/ Science
/ Solvents
/ Toxicity
/ Xylene
