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Chlamydia cell biology and pathogenesis
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Journal Article
Chlamydia cell biology and pathogenesis
2016
Overview
Key Points
Chlamydia
spp. are obligate intracellular pathogens that are important causes of human and animal diseases. Chlamydiae share a common developmental cycle in which they alternate between the extracellular, infectious elementary body and the intracellular, non-infectious reticulate body.
Chlamydiae use several redundant mechanisms to enter host cells and to establish their intracellular membrane bound niche — the inclusion.
Chlamydiae deliver effector proteins into the inclusion membrane and into host cells to promote replication and survival.
Chlamydiae encode a unique set of T3SS effectors, the inclusion membrane proteins (Incs), which are inserted into the inclusion membrane where they may function as structural determinants of the membrane or as scaffolds to interface with various cell pathways in the host.
Recent studies have solved the 'chlamydial anomaly' and reveal that
Chlamydia
spp. do synthesize peptidoglycan and use an atypical mechanism of cell division.
The recent major advances in chlamydial genetics open the door for the development of tools and avenues of research that were not previously accessible to this historically intractable pathogen.
Chlamydia
spp. are intracellular bacteria that depend on the host for their metabolic requirements, while hiding from host immune defences. In this Review, Elwell, Mirrashidi and Engel detail the molecular mechanisms that enable these pathogens to shape and thrive in their niche in host cells.
Chlamydia
spp. are important causes of human disease for which no effective vaccine exists. These obligate intracellular pathogens replicate in a specialized membrane compartment and use a large arsenal of secreted effectors to survive in the hostile intracellular environment of the host. In this Review, we summarize the progress in decoding the interactions between
Chlamydia
spp. and their hosts that has been made possible by recent technological advances in chlamydial proteomics and genetics. The field is now poised to decipher the molecular mechanisms that underlie the intimate interactions between
Chlamydia
spp. and their hosts, which will open up many exciting avenues of research for these medically important pathogens.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Bacterial Proteins - metabolism
/ Biology
/ Chlamydia Infections - immunology
/ Chlamydia Infections - microbiology
/ Chlamydia Infections - physiopathology
/ Chlamydia trachomatis - pathogenicity
/ Chlamydia trachomatis - physiology
/ Genetics
/ Host-Pathogen Interactions - genetics
/ Humans
/ Proteins
/ Protozoa
/ Sexually transmitted diseases
/ STD
/ Type V Secretion Systems - metabolism
/ Vaccines
/ Virology
