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Bacterial mer operon-mediated detoxification of mercurial compounds: a short review
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Journal Article
Bacterial mer operon-mediated detoxification of mercurial compounds: a short review
2011
Overview
Mercury pollution has emerged as a major problem in industrialized zones and presents a serious threat to environment and health of local communities. Effectiveness and wide distribution of
mer
operon by horizontal and vertical gene transfer in its various forms among large community of microbe reflect importance and compatibility of this mechanism in nature. This review specifically describes
mer
operon and its generic molecular mechanism with reference to the central role played by
merA
gene and its related gene products. The combinatorial action of
merA
and
merB
together maintains broad spectrum mercury detoxification system for substantial detoxification of mercurial compounds. Feasibility of
mer
operon to coexist with antibiotic resistance gene (
amp
r
,
kan
r
,
tet
r
) clusters enables extensive adaptation of bacterial species to adverse environment. Flexibility of the
mer
genes to exist as intricate part of chromosome, plasmids, transposons, and integrons enables high distribution of these genes in wider microbial gene pool. Unique ability of this system to manipulate oligodynamic property of mercurial compounds for volatilization of mercuric ions (Hg
2+
) makes it possible for a wide range of microbes to tolerate mercury-mediated toxicity.
Publisher
Springer-Verlag,Springer,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
/ Bacteria
/ Bacterial Proteins - genetics
/ Bacterial Proteins - metabolism
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Drug Resistance, Microbial - genetics
/ Ecology
/ Enzymes
/ Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
/ Genes
/ Ions
/ Mercury
/ Mercury Compounds - metabolism
/ Operon
/ Operons
/ Oxidoreductases - metabolism
/ Plasmids
/ Proteins
/ Reviews
/ Toxicity
