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Fossil Evidence on Origin of the Mammalian Brain
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Fossil Evidence on Origin of the Mammalian Brain
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Journal Article
Fossil Evidence on Origin of the Mammalian Brain
2011
Overview
Many hypotheses have been postulated regarding the early evolution of the mammalian brain. Here, x-ray tomography of the Early Jurassic mammaliaforms Morganucodon and Hadrocodium sheds light on this history. We found that relative brain size expanded to mammalian levels, with enlarged olfactory bulbs, neocortex, olfactory (pyriform) cortex, and cerebellum, in two evolutionary pulses. The initial pulse was probably driven by increased resolution in olfaction and improvements in tactile sensitivity (from body hair) and neuromuscular coordination. A second pulse of olfactory enhancement then enlarged the brain to mammalian levels. The origin of crown Mammalia saw a third pulse of olfactory enhancement, with ossified ethmoid turbinals supporting an expansive olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity, allowing full expression of a huge odorant receptor genome.
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science,The American Association for the Advancement of Science
Subject
/ Brain
/ cortex
/ Exact sciences and technology
/ Fossils
/ genome
/ Hair
/ Jaw
/ Jurassic
/ Mammalia
/ Mammals
/ Mammals - anatomy & histology
/ Nasal Cavity - anatomy & histology
/ Neocortex - anatomy & histology
/ Olfactory Bulb - anatomy & histology
/ Olfactory Mucosa - anatomy & histology
/ Olfactory Pathways - anatomy & histology
/ Smell
/ Stimuli
/ Touch
