Journal Article

Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) and Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCV): Epidemiology and Molecular Characteristics—An Updated Overview

Antas, Marta, Olech, Monika

2025

Overview

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) are enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the genus Alphacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae. PRCV, a TGEV mutant with a spike(S) gene deletion, exhibits altered tissue tropism. TGEV replicates mainly in the intestines and causes severe diarrhea and high mortality in piglets, whereas PRCV replicates mainly in the respiratory tract. PRCV causes mild or subclinical respiratory infections but may contribute to respiratory disease syndrome in pigs infected with other respiratory pathogens. As PRCV and TGEV continuously evolve, monitoring these viruses is important for disease prevention and control. In this review, we provide updated information on the prevalence and genetic characteristics of TGEV/PRCV and their phylogenetic relationships. We also discuss the impact of mutations, deletions and recombination on the virulence and tissue tropism of TGEV/PRCV and highlight the possible zoonotic potential of these viruses.

• Publisher: MDPI AG,MDPI
• Subject: Animals / coronavirus / Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology / Coronavirus Infections - veterinary / Coronavirus Infections - virology / Coronaviruses / Diarrhea / Disease transmission / Enzymes / Epidemiology / Feces / Gastroenteritis / Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine - epidemiology / Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine - virology / Gene deletion / Genome, Viral / Glycoproteins / Hogs / Infections / Monoclonal antibodies / Mutation / Pathogens / Phylogeny / pig / Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus - classification / Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus - genetics / Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus - pathogenicity / Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus - physiology / PRCV / Proteins / Respiratory diseases / Respiratory tract infection / Review / RNA viruses / Serology / Swine / Swine Diseases - epidemiology / Swine Diseases - virology / TGEV / Transmissible gastroenteritis / Transmissible gastroenteritis virus - classification / Transmissible gastroenteritis virus - genetics / Transmissible gastroenteritis virus - pathogenicity / Transmissible gastroenteritis virus - physiology / Tropism / Viral Tropism / Virulence / Viruses