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Coccolithophore calcification response to past ocean acidification and climate change
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Coccolithophore calcification response to past ocean acidification and climate change
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Coccolithophore calcification response to past ocean acidification and climate change
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Journal Article
Coccolithophore calcification response to past ocean acidification and climate change
2014
Overview
Anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions are forcing rapid ocean chemistry changes and causing ocean acidification (OA), which is of particular significance for calcifying organisms, including planktonic coccolithophores. Detailed analysis of coccolithophore skeletons enables comparison of calcite production in modern and fossil cells in order to investigate biomineralization response of ancient coccolithophores to climate change. Here we show that the two dominant coccolithophore taxa across the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) OA global warming event (~56 million years ago) exhibited morphological response to environmental change and both showed reduced calcification rates. However, only
Coccolithus pelagicus
exhibits a transient thinning of coccoliths, immediately before the PETM, that may have been OA-induced. Changing coccolith thickness may affect calcite production more significantly in the dominant modern species
Emiliania huxleyi
, but, overall, these PETM records indicate that the environmental factors that govern taxonomic composition and growth rate will most strongly influence coccolithophore calcification response to anthropogenic change.
Calcifying organisms such as planktonic coccolithophores may be particularly vulnerable to increased ocean acidification. Here, O’Dea
et al.
show that two fossil coccolithophore species exhibited reduced calcification rates during a global warming acidification event 56 million years ago.
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