Journal Article

Autocrine Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Signaling Contributes to Altered Endothelial Phenotype in Pulmonary Hypertension

Humbert, Marc, Guignabert, Christophe, Eddahibi, Saadia, Dartevelle, Philippe, Tu, Ly, Dewachter, Laurence, Gore, Benoit, Simonneau, Gérald, Fadel, Elie

2011

Overview

Abstract Pulmonary vascular remodeling is key to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). We recently reported that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)2 is markedly overproduced by pulmonary endothelial cells (P-ECs) in IPAH and contributes significantly to smooth muscle hyperplasia and disease progression. Excessive FGF2 expression in malignancy exerts pathologic effects on tumor cells by paracrine and autocrine mechanisms.We hypothesized that FGF2 overproduction contributes in an autocrine manner to the abnormal phenotype of P-ECs, characteristic of IPAH. In distal pulmonary arteries (PAs) of patients with IPAH, we found increased numbers of proliferating ECs and decreased numbers of apoptotic ECs, accompanied with stronger immunoreactivity for the antiapoptotic molecules, B-cell lymphoma (BCL)2, and BCL extra long (BCL-xL) compared with PAs from control patients. These in situ observations were replicated in vitro, with cultured P-ECs from patients IPAH exhibiting increased proliferation and diminished sensitivity to apoptotic induction with marked increases in the antiapoptotic factors BCL2 and BCL-xL and levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated (ERK)1/2 compared with control P-ECs. IPAH P-ECs also exhibited increased FGF2 expression and an accentuated proliferative and survival response to conditioned P-EC media or exogenous FGF2 treatment. Decreasing FGF2 signaling by RNA interference normalized sensitivity to apoptosis and proliferative potential in the IPAH P-ECs. Our findings suggest that excessive autocrine release of endothelial-derived FGF2 in IPAH contributes to the acquisition and maintenance of an abnormal EC phenotype, enhancing proliferation through constitutive activation of ERK1/2 and decreasing apoptosis by increasing BCL2 and BCL-xL.

• Publisher: Oxford University Press,American Thoracic Society
• Subject: Adolescent / Adult / Apoptosis / Autocrine Communication / Autocrine signalling / Bcl-2 protein / Bcl-x protein / bcl-X Protein - antagonists & inhibitors / bcl-X Protein - genetics / bcl-X Protein - metabolism / Blotting, Western / Case-Control Studies / Cell Proliferation / Cells, Cultured / Disease progression / Endothelial cells / Endothelium, Vascular - cytology / Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism / Extracellular signal-regulated kinase / Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension / Female / Fibroblast growth factor 2 / Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 - antagonists & inhibitors / Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 - genetics / Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 - metabolism / Fibroblasts / Genotype & phenotype / Growth factors / Humans / Hyperplasia / Hypertension / Hypertension, Pulmonary - genetics / Hypertension, Pulmonary - metabolism / Hypertension, Pulmonary - pathology / Immunoreactivity / Lymphocytes B / Male / Malignancy / Middle Aged / Paracrine signalling / Phenotype / Phenotypes / Phosphorylation / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - antagonists & inhibitors / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - genetics / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism / Pulmonary artery / Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / RNA, Messenger - genetics / RNA, Small Interfering - genetics / RNA-mediated interference / Smooth muscle / Tumor cells / Young Adult