Journal Article

CAR‐NK cell in cancer immunotherapy; A promising frontier

Yazdanifar, Mahboubeh, Yumashev, Alexei Valerievich, Motavalli, Roza, Abdul‐Rasheed, Omar F., Budi, Hendrik Setia, Jalil, Abduladheem Turki, Chartrand, Max Stanley, Ahmadi, Majid, Marofi, Faroogh, Rahman, Heshu Sulaiman, Cid‐Arreguid, Angel, Hassanzadeh, Ali, Jarahian, Mostafa

2021

Overview

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have a unique facet of synthetic biology and offer a paradigm shift in personalized medicine as they can use and redirect the patient's immune cells to attack cancer cells. CAR‐natural killer (NK) cells combine the targeted specificity of antigens with the subsequent intracellular signaling ability of the receptors to increase their anti‐cancer functions. Importantly, CAR‐NK cells can be utilized as universal cell‐based therapy without requiring human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching or earlier contact with tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs). Indeed, CAR‐NK cells can be adapted to recognize various antigens, hold higher proliferation capacity, and in vivo persistence, show improved infiltration into the tumors, and the ability to overcome the resistant tumor microenvironment leading to sustained cytotoxicity against tumors. Accumulating evidence from recent in vivo studies rendering CAR‐NK cell anti‐cancer competencies renewed the attention in the context of cancer immunotherapy, as these redirected effector cells can be used in the development of the “off‐the‐shelf” anti‐cancer immunotherapeutic products. In the current review, we focus on the therapeutic efficacy of CAR‐NK cell therapies for treating various human malignancies, including hematological malignancies and solid tumors, and will discuss the recent findings in this regard, with a special focus on animal studies. In the current review, we focus on the therapeutic efficacy of CAR‐NK cell therapies for treating various human malignancies, including hematological malignancies and solid tumors, and will discuss the recent findings in this regard, with a special focus on animal studies.

• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc,John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subject: Antibodies / Antigen (tumor-associated) / Antigens / Apoptosis / Cancer / Cancer immunotherapy / Care and treatment / CAR‐NK / Cell growth / Cell proliferation / Chemokines / Chimeric antigen receptors / Cytokines / Cytotoxicity / Dendritic cells / Development and progression / Effector cells / Health aspects / Histocompatibility antigen HLA / Histocompatibility antigens / HLA histocompatibility antigens / Immunotherapy / Intracellular signalling / Killer cells / Ligands / Lymphocytes / Metastases / Natural killer cells / Precision medicine / Review / Signal transduction / Solid tumors / Tumor microenvironment / Tumor necrosis factor-TNF / Tumors