Journal Article

Accuracy of Glucagon Testing Across Transition in Young Adults With Childhood-Onset GH Deficiency

Napoli, Flavia, Naim, Alessandro, Allegri, Anna Elsa Maria, Maghnie, Mohamad, Guglielmi, Davide, Casalini, Emilio, Patti, Giuseppa, Di Iorgi, Natascia, Varotto, Carolina, Camia, Tiziana, Gastaldi, Roberto, Panciroli, Marta, Parodi, Stefano, Salerno, Mariacarolina, Pepino, Carlotta, Tedesco, Caterina, Fava, Daniela, Angelelli, Alessia

2025

Overview

Abstract Context The 2019 American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists guidelines suggested peak GH-cutoffs to glucagon test (GST) of ≤3 and ≤1 µg/L in the diagnosis of permanent GH deficiency (GHD) during the transition phase. Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of GST compared to insulin tolerance test (ITT) in the definition of GHD at adult height achievement. Patients and methods Ninety-seven subjects with childhood-onset GHD (median age, 17.39 years) underwent ITT, GST, and IGF-1 testing; 44 subjects were idiopathic (isolated GHD), 35 moderate organic GHD (0-2 hormone deficiencies) and 18 severe organic GHD (≥3 hormone deficiencies). Results Bland and Altman analysis showed a high consistency of GH peak measures after ITT and GST. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified 7.3 μg/L as the optimal GH peak cutoff to GST [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.15-8.91; sensitivity 95.7%, specificity 88.2%, positive predictive value (PPV) 88.0%, negative predictive value (NPV) 95.7%] able to correctly classify 91.8% of the entire cohort while 5.8 μg/L was the best GH peak cutoff able to correctly classify 91.4% of moderate organic GHD patients (95% CI 3.16-7.39; sensitivity 96.0%, specificity 80.0%, PPV 92.3%, NPV 88.9%). Patients with ≥3 hormone deficiencies showed a GH peak <5 μg/L at ITT and <5.8 μg/L at GST but 1. The optimal cutoff for IGF-1 was −1.4 SD score (95% CI −1.94 to 0.77; sensitivity 75%, specificity 94%, PPV 91.7%, NPV 81.0%) that correctly classified 85.1% of the study population. Conclusion A GH peak to GST <5.8 μg/L represents an accurate diagnostic cutoff for young adults with childhood-onset GHD and high pretest probability of permanent GHD.

• Publisher: Oxford University Press
• Subject: Adolescent / Adult / Age of Onset / Body height / Brain tumors / Child / Childhood / Children / Clinical / Dwarfism, Pituitary - blood / Dwarfism, Pituitary - diagnosis / Female / Genetic disorders / Glucagon / Glucagon - blood / Glucose tolerance tests / Growth hormones / Human Growth Hormone - blood / Human Growth Hormone - deficiency / Humans / Insulin - blood / Insulin-like growth factor I / Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - analysis / Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - metabolism / Insulin-like growth factors / Male / Medical societies / Pituitary hormones / Population studies / Predictive Value of Tests / Teenagers / Type 2 diabetes / Young Adult / Young adults / Youth