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Effect of Monitoring Technique on Quality of Conservation Science
Effect of Monitoring Technique on Quality of Conservation Science
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Effect of Monitoring Technique on Quality of Conservation Science
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Effect of Monitoring Technique on Quality of Conservation Science
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Effect of Monitoring Technique on Quality of Conservation Science
Effect of Monitoring Technique on Quality of Conservation Science
Journal Article

Effect of Monitoring Technique on Quality of Conservation Science

2013
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Overview
Monitoring free-ranging animals in their natural habitat is a keystone of ecosystem conservation and increasingly important in the context of current rates of loss of biological diversity. Data collected from individuals of endangered species inform conservation policies. Conservation professionals assume that these data are reliable—that the animals from whom data are collected are representative of the species in their physiology, ecology, and behavior and of the populations from which they are drawn. In the last few decades, there has been an enthusiastic adoption of invasive techniques for gathering ecological and conservation data. Although these can provide impressive quantities of data, and apparent insights into animal ranges and distributions, there is increasing evidence that these techniques can result in animal welfare problems, through the wide-ranging physiological effects of acute and chronic stress and through direct or indirect injuries or compromised movement. Much less commonly, however, do conservation scientists consider the issue of how these effects may alter the behavior of individuals to the extent that the data they collect could be unreliable. The emerging literature on the immediate and longer-term effects of capture and handling indicate it can no longer be assumed that a wild animal's survival of the process implies the safety of the procedure, that the procedure is ethical, or the scientific validity of the resulting data. I argue that conservation professionals should routinely assess study populations for negative effects of their monitoring techniques and adopt noninvasive approaches for best outcomes not only for the animals, but also for conservation science. Monitorear animales de libre distribución en su ambiente natural es clave en la conservación de ecosistemas y de creciente importancia en el contexto de las tasas actuales de pérdida de la diversidad biológica. Los datos colectados de individuos de especies en peligro informan a las políticas de conservación. Los conservacionistas suponen que estos datos son confiables, es decir que los animales de los cuales los datos son colectados son representativos de la fisiología, ecología y el comportamiento de la especie y de todas las poblaciones de donde son tomados. En las últimas décadas ha habido una adopción entusiasta de técnicas invasivas para la colecta de datos ecológicos y de conservación. Aunque éstas pueden proporcionar cantidades impresionantes de datos y supuesta penetración hacia los rangos y distribución de los animales hay creciente evidencia de que estas técnicas pueden resultar en problemas de bienestar animal a través de los amplios efectos fisiológicos de estrés crónico y agudo y por medio de movimiento dificultado o heridas directas o indirectas. Sin embargo, los conservacionistas pocas veces consideran el problema de cómo estos efectos pueden alterar el comportamiento de los individuos hasta el punto en el que los datos que recopilen sean desconfiables. La literatura reciente sobre los efectos inmediatos y a largo plazo de la captura y el manejo indican que ya no se puede suponer que la supervivencia de un animal silvestre al proceso implica la seguridad del procedimiento, que el procedimiento sea ético o la validez científica de los datos resultantes. Yo explico que los conservacionistas deberían evaluar rutinariamente estudios poblaciones para saber si hay efectos negativos de las técnicas de monitoreo y adoptar aproximaciones no-invasivas para el mejor resultado no solamente para los animales sino también para la ciencia de la conservación.