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Insomnia as a path to alcoholism: tolerance development and dose escalation
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Insomnia as a path to alcoholism: tolerance development and dose escalation
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Journal Article
Insomnia as a path to alcoholism: tolerance development and dose escalation
2018
Overview
Abstract
Study Objectives
To assess the risks associated with the use of alcohol as a “sleep aid,” we evaluated tolerance development to pre-sleep ethanol’s sedative-hypnotic effects, and subsequent ethanol dose escalation.
Methods
Volunteers, 21–55 years old, with insomnia in otherwise good medical and psychiatric health and no history of alcoholism or drug abuse participated. In experiment 1 (n = 24) 0.0, 0.3, or 0.6 g/kg (n = 8 per dose) ethanol was administered before sleep and 8-hour nocturnal polysomnograms (NPSGs) were collected. In experiment 2, after six nights pretreatment with ethanol 0.45 g/kg (n = 6) versus placebo (n = 6), choice of pre-sleep ethanol or placebo was assessed over seven choice nights.
Results
The 0.6 g/kg ethanol dose increased total sleep time and stage 3–4 sleep on night 2, but these effects were lost by night 6 (p < .05). Six nights of ethanol pretreatment produced on the choice nights more self-administered ethanol refills than the placebo pretreatment (p < .03).
Conclusions
These are the first data to explicitly show the risks associated with the use of alcohol as a “sleep aid” among people with insomnia. Initially, a moderate dose of ethanol improved NPSG sleep, which was lost by night 6. Tolerance was associated with enhanced self-administration of pre-sleep ethanol.
Publisher
Oxford University Press
