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Lenvatinib versus Placebo in Radioiodine-Refractory Thyroid Cancer
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Lenvatinib versus Placebo in Radioiodine-Refractory Thyroid Cancer
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Journal Article
Lenvatinib versus Placebo in Radioiodine-Refractory Thyroid Cancer
2015
Overview
In a phase 3, placebo-controlled study, lenvatinib was associated with a significant increase in progression-free survival (18.3 months vs. 3.6 months). Toxic effects with lenvatinib were substantial and included hypertension, diarrhea, and unexplained death.
The 10-year survival rate among patients with differentiated thyroid cancer that is refractory to radioiodine (iodine-131) therapy is 10% from the time of detection of metastasis.
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Although treatment options have historically been limited, efforts have first targeted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR), since this signaling network has been associated with the aggressiveness and metastasis of thyroid cancer.
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However, other molecular pathways of tumor growth and maintenance beyond VEGF-driven angiogenesis contribute to the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer, including BRAF, NRAS, HRAS, RET/PTC, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR).
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Because . . .
Publisher
Massachusetts Medical Society
Subject
/ Aged
/ Asthenia
/ Diarrhea
/ Fatigue
/ Female
/ Fibroblast growth factor receptors
/ Humans
/ Iodine
/ Iodine Radioisotopes - therapeutic use
/ Male
/ Nausea
/ Oncology
/ Patients
/ Phenylurea Compounds - adverse effects
/ Phenylurea Compounds - therapeutic use
/ Platelet-derived growth factor
/ Protein Kinase Inhibitors - adverse effects
/ Protein Kinase Inhibitors - therapeutic use
/ Quinolines - adverse effects
/ Quinolines - therapeutic use
/ Survival
/ Thyroid Neoplasms - drug therapy
/ Thyroid Neoplasms - radiotherapy
/ Vascular endothelial growth factor
/ Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors
/ Writers
