Journal Article

Rare Carbon-Bridged Citrinin Dimers from the Starfish-Derived Symbiotic Fungus Penicillium sp. GGF16-1-2

Fan, Hao, Si-Tu, Mei-Xia, Wei, Xia, Zhang, Cui-Xian, Shao, Xue-Hua, Chen, Yang, Lei, Yan-Hu, Shi, Zhi-Mian, Zhou, Feng-Guo, Feng, Chan

2022

Overview

Four novel, rare carbon-bridged citrinin dimers, namely dicitrinones G–J (1–4), and five known analogs (5–9) were isolated from the starfish-derived fungus Penicillium sp. GGF 16-1-2. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and quantum chemical calculations. Compounds 1–9 exhibited strong antifungal activities against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with LD50 values from 0.61 μg/mL to 16.14 μg/mL. Meanwhile, all compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against human pancreatic cancer BXPC-3 and PANC-1 cell lines; as a result, compound 1 showed more significant cytotoxicities than the positive control against both cell lines. In addition, based on the analyses of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Western blot, 1 could induce apoptosis by activating caspase 3 proteins (CASP3).

• Publisher: MDPI AG,MDPI
• Subject: antifungal activities / Antifungal agents / Apoptosis / Cancer / Carbon / Caspase-3 / Cell lines / Chemical compounds / Citrinin / citrinin dimers / cytotoxic activities / Cytotoxicity / Dimers / Fungi / Fungicides / Glomerella cingulata / humans / Hydrocarbons / Metabolites / Mortality causes / Pancreas / Pancreatic cancer / pancreatic neoplasms / Penicillium / Penicillium sp / Protein interaction / protein-protein interaction network / protein-protein interactions / Proteins / Quantum chemistry / quantum mechanics / spectral analysis / starfish-derived fungus / Symbionts / Toxicity tests / Tumor cell lines / Western blotting